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Cards In This Set
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Learning
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The precoess by which experience or practice results in a relatively permanent change in nehavior or potential behavior.
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Classical (or Pavolvian) conditioning
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The type of learning in which a response naturally elicited by one stimulus comes to be elicited by a different, formerly neutral, stimulus. almost by accident.
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Uncondtioned stimulus (US)
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A stimulus that invariably causes an orgaism to respond in a specific way.
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Unconditioned response (UR)
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A response tha takes place in an organism whenever an unconditoned stimulus occurs.
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Conditioned stimulus (CS)
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An originallu neautral stimuls that is paired with an unconditioned stimulus and eventually produces the desired response in an orgaism when presented alone.
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Conditoined response (CR)
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After conditioning, the response an organism produces when a conditioned stimulus is presented.
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Intermittent pairing
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Pairing the conditioned stimuls and the unconditioned stimulus on only a portion of the laerning trials
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Desensitization therapy
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A conditioning technique designed to gradually reduce anxiety about a particular object or situation
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Preparedness
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A biological readiness to learn vertain associations because of their survival advantages
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Conditioned taste aversion
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Conditioned avoidance of certain foods even if there is only one pairing of conditoned and unconditioned stimuli
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Operant (or instrumental) conditioning
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The type of learning in which behaviors are emitted (in the presence of specific stimuli) to earn rewards or avoid punishments.
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Operant behaviors
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Behaviors designed to operate on the enviornment in a way that will gain something desired or avoid something unpleasant.
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Reinforcers
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Stimuli that follow a behavior and increase the likelihood that the behavior will be repeated.
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Punishers
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Stimuli that follow a behavior and decrease the likelihood that the behavior will be repeated
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Law of effect (principle of reinforcement)
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Thorndike's theory that behavior consistently rewarded will be "stamped in" as learned behavior, and behavior that brings about discomfort will be "stamped out"
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