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Cards In This Set
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Way that historical data can be distorted?
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1. Lost2. Suppressed3. Translation4. Self serving
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What ways do data in history differ from data of science?
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- Historical data cannot be replicated or reconstructed- data science compare true experiments to archival research- bias in evaluation (history)-evaluate validity of data fragments
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Why is psychology unique among the sciences?
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Only science that learning about the history of the field is mandatory.- young science (case studies still relevant)- being a literate psychologist, past is short
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When did psychology officially begin?
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-Late 19th century- 1879
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Psychology is the product of the union of?
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Physiology and philosophy
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How will the history of psychology be recounted?
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By developing schools of thought that have defined the field throughout the years. -developing sequence of approaches
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What is a school of thought?
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-group of psychologists associated ideologically, maybe geographically, with a leader of movement -typically share the same theoretical orientation and investigate similar problems -movement driven by contextual forces
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What can we learn from studying the history of psychology?
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- modern psych is marked by diversity-common denominator is history-most systemic way to integrate areas and issues that constitute modern psychology-recognize relationships among their ideas, theories, and research efforts
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What contextual forces have influenced psychology?
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1. Economic opportunity2. War3. Discrimination4. Zeitgeist
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Personalistic
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Personalistic: -achievements and contributions of specific individuals -will and charisma of unique person directs history- "the person makes the times"
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Naturalistic
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Naturalistic: - Zeitgeist directs history (intellectual climate)- makes culture receptive to some ideas, but not others - "the times make the person"- supported by simultaneous discoveries
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Mechanism
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- view that all natural processes can be understood in the terms of machines - assumes all natural processes can be described by psychics and chemistry - originated in psychics (natural philosophy) -universe assumed to be like a clock- Zeitgeist of 17th - 19th centuries was intellectual climate that nourished new psychology- Decartes applied machine metaphor to humans
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How did Descartes view mind-body issue?
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- Bi-directional - mind influences body and body influences mind- Mind only able of thought - body is a machine
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Previously accepted view of mind-body issue?(BEFORE DESCARTES)
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- Uni- directional- Mind influences body-mind is responsible for many functions
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How did descartes explain the functioning and interaction of the human body and mind?
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BODY: - composed of psychical matter, applies to laws of psychics and mechanics- assigned greater importanceMIND:- nonmaterial, lacking psychical substance-has single function: thought
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