Psych Quiz 5

Develop the capacity for abstract, systematic, and scientific thinking
no longer require concrete things for thought

Start with a hypothesis, deduce testable inferences, and isolate/combine variables
pendulum problem (lengths of string, weight, how high object is raised, how forcefully object is pushed)

Adolescent's ability to evaluate the logic of propositions without referring to real world circumstances
either-or statement is always true , and statement is always false

That the accuracy of conclusions drawn from premises rests on the rules of logic, not on real world confirmation

Individuals in tribal societies rarely do well on tasks used to asses formal operational reasoning
people think more abstractly ont raks in which they have had extensive guidance

Attention becomes more selective
inhibits both irrelevant stimuli and well learned responses
strategies become more effective
knowledge increases
metacognition expands
speed of thinking increases

Scientific reasoning
which features of the sports balls influences the quality of the player's serve? color, size, surface texture, ridges

Greater working memory = more variables can be compared at once
be fair minded rather than self servicing

Belief that they are the focus of everyone else's attention and concern
explains long hours adolescents spend getting ready

Certain that others are observing and thinking about them
they develop an inflated opinion of their own importance
view themselves as reaching great heights of omnipotence and also sinking to unusual depths of despair

1: identifying pros and cons2: assessing the likelihood of various outcomes3: evaluating one's choice in terms of whether one's goals were met4: learning from mistakes

Depends on inhibiting "feel good" behavior and the possibility of immediate rewards
brain's emotional/social network tends to prevail
short term > long term goals

Girls get higher scores in reading and writing, girls score higher on tests of verbal ability in every country in which assessments have been conducted, girls receive more verbal stimulation early on, girls have a biological advantage in earlier development of the left hemisphere of the cerebral corex

30 years ago it was 60% now it is 42%

Studies in early school grades is inconsistent, boys outperform girls when it becomes abstract and spatial, among the most capable the gender gap is greater, boys have 2 advantages 1) more rapid numerical memory 2) superior spatial reasoning , boys acquire more specialized computer knowledge