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Aristotle
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Learning and memory, motivation and emotion, perception and personality
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Birth of psychology
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1879
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Pavlov
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Pioneered the study of learning
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Sigmund Freud
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Influential theory of personality, was an Austrian physician
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Jean Piaget
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The last century’s most influential observer of children, was a Swiss biologist
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William James
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Author of an important 1890 textbook, was an American philosopher
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Mary Calkins
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First female psychologist. American Psychological Association’s (APA’s) first female president
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introspection
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Inner sensations,images, and feelings
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behaviorism
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The view that psychology (1) should be an objective science that (2) studies behavior without reference to mental processes. Most research psychologists today agree with (1) but not with (2).
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Humanistic psychology
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Historically significant perspective that emphasized the growth potential of healthy people and the individual’s potential for personal growth.
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cognitive neuroscience
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The interdisciplinary study of the brain activity linked with cognition (including perception, thinking, memory, and language).
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Psychology
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Science of behavior and mental processes
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