Front | Back |
Clinical psychologist...
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-ph.D. or psy. D
-grad school + internship + post doctoral + supervised work -psychotherapy, clinical assessment, teaching, neuropsych testing, research (ph. D) |
Counseling psychologist...
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-phD or psyD
-grad school + internship + post doctoral work -psychotherapy, vocational and clinical assessment, teaching, research |
Psychiatric social worker...
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-M.S w/ graduate school
-(depending on training) psychotherapy, case management, etc. |
Psychiatrist...
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-M.D
-medical school + residency -medication, some psychotherapy, some research |
Psychoanalyst...
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-(certification)/( usually M.D in USA) psychoanalytic institute
-psychoanalysis + psychoanalytic, psychotherapy |
"Psychotherapist"...
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-Ed.M: MFT
-religious leadership training, etc. -problems assessment and invention within specialized context |
What is deviant?
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-unusual, non-normative
-ex: sexual activity with children, food binges followed by puking |
What is irrational?
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-does not make sense in (cultural) context
-ex: loose association, bizarre gestures |
What is maladaptive/harmful?
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-dangerous to self or others; interferes with self care
-ex: neglect of self care, suicide, self mutilations |
What is painful/distressing?
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-subjective sense of discomfort or distress
-ex: flashbacks to trauma in PTSD, fear in paranoia |
Do these definitions allow us to say that any given behavior ALWAYS represents an "illness" or indicates a psychological disorder?
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-NO!
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Perspectives/paradigms/models
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-need for perspectives to approach fuzzy concept of "abnormal" in a systematic way
-"systematic ways" are paradigms --organize thinking (what is important) |
Three perspectives on abnormal behavior
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-spiritual/supernatural
-somatogenic/medical/biological -psychogenic |
What is the spiritual/supernatural perspective?
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-cause of abnormality: controlled by supernatural forces
-necessary treatment: drive out evil forces and nurture good forces -professionals: priests, sensitive person, elders |
What is the somatogenic/medical/biological perspective?
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-cause of abnormality: somatic/bodily processes gone wrong
-necessary treatment: correct body and/or physiological processes -professionals: physicians and other experts in somatic processes/care |