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Cards In This Set
| Front | Back |
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Levels of biological interaction
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Social, organ level, neural level, brain region, circuit level, cellular level, synaptic level, molecular level
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Synapsin
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*protein found in axon terminal
-indicates synaptic contacts |
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Types of neurons
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*from neo cortex
*from spinal chord *from retina |
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Neocortex
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* 6 layers
*contain pyramidal neurons -all pyramidals use glutamate *level 2: GABAergic interneurons *layer 4: thalamocortical neurons -cortico-cortico input *layer 5: subcortical output neurons -to spiny striatal neurons -i.e to basal ganglia *receives diffuse NT's: -NE from locus coeruleus -serotonin from Raphe nucleus -dopamine from ventral tegmental nucleus |
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GABA
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*inhibitory NT
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Glutamate
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*excitatory NT
*can act on -AMPA to allow Na+ flow -NMDA to open Ca++ channel - mGlu receptor to activate G protein |
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Neurotransmitters
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*can be:
-proteins -amino acids -other molecules (norepinephrine, dopamine, serotonin) |
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Locus coeruleus
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* small group of neurons
-project throughout all 6 layers of forebrain *releases norepinephrine -supplies most of NE for forebrain |
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Vagus nerve
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*starts in medulla
-innervates intestines, liver, and heart |
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MRI
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*takes xray of soft tissues
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FMRI
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*measures state of hemoglobin molecules
-oxygenated or deoxygenated |
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Brain's energy requirements
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*uses 25% of total ingest oxygen
*uses 70% of glucose -metabolically active |
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Lobes of neocortex
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*frontal: primary motor, associative motor areas
*parietal: primary + associative somatosensory areas, visual-spatial association areas *temporal: primary + associative auditory areas, associative visuel *occipital: primary + associative visual areas |
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Central sulcus, sylvian fissure
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*divides frontal and parietal lobe
*fissure: divides frontal and parietal from temporal lobe |
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Sympathetic nerves
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*use Ach at preganglionic axon terminals and NE at postganglionic axon terminals
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