Psych 101 Final Exam

The process that experience produces a somewhat enduring change in behaviour and capabilities (knowing how)

Ethology - Focused on animal behaviour in natural environments
Importance- How behaviour influences chances of survival, reproduction

Personal: Involves learning and interactions with immediate and past environments
Species: Involves natural selection, adaptations passed via genes, become part of nature

Habitation: Decrease in a response strength to a repeated stimulus
Sensory Habitation: Information is still available if it becomes relevant
Sensitization: Increase in the strength of a response to a repeated stimulus

Associating one stimulus with another.
Principle: Associate two stimuli - One stimulus elicits a response that was originally elicited only by the other stimulus

Period during which association is being learned.
Having stimulus and a response to it - which requires no learning
Pair this response with another stimulus

Unconditioned Stimulus (UCS): Elicits a refleflective or innate, unconditioned response (UCR) without prior learning
Unconditioned response (UCR)
Response elicited by UCS without prior learning|
Conditioned Stimulus (CS)
Through association with UCS, comes to elicit a conditioned response similar to the original UCR
Conditioned Response (CR)
Response elicited by a conditioned stimulus
UCR & CR are the same, what evokes them is different

Food produces salivation = UCS - UCR
Pair Food (UCS) & tone = learning trial
Tone begins to elicit salivation (UCR)
Tone is now conditioned stimulus (CS)
Now have: Tone (CS) - salivations (CR)

Forward short-delay: CS still present when UCS presented, optimal learning
Forward trace: CS appears then & then goes off, best if delay is no more than 2-3 seconds
Simultaneous: Present at the same time, learning is slower
Backward: Presented afterward, little learning

Extinction: Process in which CS is present in absence of UCS - causes CR to weaken and eventually disappear
Spontaneous Recover: After a rest period, reappearance o f previously extinguished CR, usually weaker than initial CR, extinguishes more rapidly

Generalization: Stimuli similar to initial CS elicit a CR
Discrimination: CR occurs to one stimulus but not to another, less similar the stimuli the weaker response

Exposure: Extinction of CR through exposure to CS without presence of UCS
Systematic desensitization: Muscular relaxtion paired with gradual exposure to fear-inducing stimulus
Flooding: Exposure to fearful stimulus
VR Exposure: Effective for phobias

Attraction to other people
Positive & negative attitudes (ads)
Conditions aversions (Dislike certain food because of following illness)
ANV (anticipator nausea and vomiting) - common among cancer pantients

Response followed by a satisfying consequence more likely to occur in oppose to unsatisfying consequence, less likely to occur

Skinner: Facilitates personal adaptation
Reinforcement: The response strengthened by outcome that follows
Punishment: Response weakened by outcome that followed