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Stage model of memory
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A model describing memory as consisting of three distinct stages: sensory memory, short-term memory, and long-term memory
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Sensory memory
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The stage of memory that regulates information from the environment and holds it for a very brief period of time.
last from 1/4 to 3 seconds |
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Short-term memory
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Active stage of memory in which information is stored for up to 20 seconds
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Long-term memory
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Unlimited capacity, potentially permanent duration
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Encoding
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Process of tranferring information into a form that can be entered into and retained by the memory system
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Storage
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Process of retaining information in memory so that it can be used at a later time
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Retrieval
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Oricess of recovering information stored in memory so that we are consciously aware of it
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George miller
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7 +/- 2 mind stores seven things, plus or minus two
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Chunking
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Incresing the amount of information that can be held in short-term memory by grouping related items together in a single unit or chunk
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Maintenence rehearsal
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Mental or verbal repetition of information in order to maintain it beyond the usual 20-second duration of short term memory (repeating a phone number to remember it)
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Clustering
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Organizing items into related groups during recall from long-term memory
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Elaborative rehearsal
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Rehearsal that involves focusing on the meaning of information to help encode and transfer it to long-term memory
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Self-reference effect
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Applying information to yourself to aid in recall
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Visual imagery
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Visualizing information to make aid in recall
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Types of long-term memory
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Procedural memory (how to perform skills)
episodic memory (memories of events) semantic memories (general knowledge, facts names, etc.) |
