Psych 1 Final Fair Game Sheet SOCIAL INTERACTION

• First impression influences us more vs. more than later information does (primacy effect)
• once you’ve formed an impression, it altars your interpretation of later experiences. makes it hard to make later informed judgments
• first impression changes how you act

• Implicit Association Tests- measures your reactions to combinations of 2 categories (ex- flower and pleasant) and if you respond quickly, then you probably see two categories as related
• Bona fide pipeline: people look at faces black and white and read words that need to classify as pleasant or unpleasant. These tests show more when people are asked to pay attention race.

• result- most white college students responded faster to the combinations black/unpleasant and white/pleasant and black college students responded equally or a slight favor towards whites
• Even though most participants claimed to have no racial prejudices, they evaluated white faces more favorably then black faces

• attribution = way of trying to understand why people behave the way they do.
• Internal- explanations based on someone’s individual characteristics, such as attitudes, personality traits, or abilities; dispositions (brother walked to work because he liked the exercise)
• External- explanations based on the situation, including the events that presumably would influence almost anyone; situational (brother walked to work because car wouldn’t start)
• 
  When deciding to make an internal or external attribution, we depend on three types of info.
  consensus: how the person behavior compares with other peoples behavior
  consistency: how the persons behavior varies form one time to the next
  distinctiveness: how the persons behavior varies from one situation to another.

• To make internal attributions for people’s behavior even when we see evidence for an external influence on behavior
• tendency to assume a strong similarity between someone’s current actions and his disposition
• 
  
• Culture- can cause misunderstandings when people who are unfamiliar with other cultures may attribute a behavior to someone’s personality when in fact it’s a dictate of the culture. People of western cultures rely more on internal attributions and people in china and other asian countries rely more on external attributions. asians accept contradictions and look for compromises instead of taking sides or viewing one position as right or wrong.

• People are more likely to make internal attributions for other people’s behavior and more likely to make external attributions for their own

• Attributions we adopt to maximize our credit for our success and minimize our blame for our failure (ex- cause for good grade is intelligence and bad grade is unfair test)

• Intentionally putting themselves at a disadvantage to provide an excuse for possible failure (ex- party before test and blame bad grade on lack of sleep)

• Intelligence- easier to persuade less intelligent people of a poorly supported idea but more intelligent people to understand complicated evidence
• Interest- even if intelligent, won’t devote effort to an issue that is unimportant to you; will change emphasis of an ad to something more likely to interest you
• Forewarning effect- informing people that they’re about to hear a persuasive speech activates their resistance
• Inoculation effect- people first hear a weak argument and then a stronger argument supporting same conclusion, but if rejected the first will reject the next

“Foot in the door”- to start w/ a modest request, which the person accepts and then follow it with a larger request (ex- sign petition then donate money) “Door in the face”- someone follows an outrageous initial request with a more reasonable second one “Bait and switch”- first offers an extremely favorable deal, gets the other person to commit to the deal and then makes additional demands “That’s not all”- someone makes an offer and then improves the offer before you have a chance to reply (ex- infomercials)

• A state of unpleasant tension that people experience when their behavior is inconsistent with their attitudes, especially if they are distressed about the inconsistency
• Can either:
• -change behavior to match attitude,
• -change attitude to match behavior, or
• -find an explanation to justify/rationalize behavior under certain circumstances

• proximity (closeness)
• Mere exposure effect- more often we come into contact with someone or something the more we tend to like the object or person. People generally chose friends and romantic partners who live near them and resemble them
• Physical attractiveness Close friends usually resemble each other in physical attraciveness. The equity principle. (exchange) Social relationships are transactions in which partners exchange goods and services. Relationships are easiest and best when partners are about equal and contribute equally. feel as if both partners are getting a good deal

In humans good looking means normal – we like normal because it implies healthy. Indicates no genetic mutation. Studies show that facially attractive people are not more likely to be healthier, just to have children earlier. Comparison to birds: healthy and vigorous males could make bright colors of feathers, that’s why women like the bright ones.

• The partners have much in common and find ways to satisfy each other’s needs
• Have similar attitudes and personalities, have sex a lot and arguments not a lot, adequate income, husband has good enough job to maintain respect, wife not pregnant before marriage, couple’s parents had successful marriages.
• People that date for a long time estimate things about each other and as time goes on, they become more confident, not more accurate.

• • Compare different sizes of lines and say which ones were the same in size in a group setting
  • • Result- people before said wrong answer and so you would say that too
    • • People conformed to an obviously wrong majority