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Development
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Systematic continuities and changes in the individual over the course of life
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Developmental psychology
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Branch of psychology devoted to identifying and explaining the continuities and changes that individuals display over time
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Developmental continuities
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Ways in which we remain stable over time or continue to reflect our past
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Developmentalist
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Any scholar, regardless of discipline, who seeks to understand the developmental process
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Maturation
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Developmental changes in the body or behavior that result from the aging process rather than from learning, injury, illness, or some other life experience
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Learning
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A relatively permanent change in behavior that results from one’s experiences or practice
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Normative development
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Developmental changes that characterize most or all members of a species; typical patterns of development
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Ideographic development
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Individual variations in the rate, extent, or direction of development
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Holistic perspective
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A unified view of the developmental process that emphasizes the important interrelationships among the physical, mental, social, and emotional aspects of human development
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Plasticity
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The capacity for change; developmental state that has the potential to be shaped by experience
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Scientific method
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The use of objective and replicable methods to gather data for the purpose of testing a theory or hypothesis; dictates that, above all, investigators must be objective and must allow their data to decide the merits of their thinking
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Theory
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A set of concepts and propositions designed to organize, describe, and explain an existing set of observations
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Hypothesis
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A theoretical prediction about some aspect of experience
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Reliability
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Refers to the extent to which a measuring instrument yields consistent results, both over time (temporal) and across observers (interrater)
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Validity
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Refers to the extent to which a measuring instrument accurately reflects what the researchers intended to measure
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