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Cards In This Set
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Which 4 products can amino acids be responsible for making
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Synthesis of hormones/NTs, nucleotides, proteins, synthesis of porpyrins
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Excess dietary amino acids lead to
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Fat storage
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The 2 processes needed to use proteins as an energy source
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Remove nitrogen atoms by deamination (taken off as ammonium) or transamination (moved to keto acid which will be involved in urea cycle)
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Where are branched chain AA deaminated
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In skeletal muscle
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4 ways carbon skeletons from AA can be used
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Fed into glycolysis and CAC, used in gluconeogenesis, used in FA synthesis
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What happens to nitrogen
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Formation of urea in urea cycle, in liver, then urea taken in bloodstream to kidneys, excreted in urine
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Which 2 amino acids are marker for how much protein broken down in body
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Glutamine, alanine
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Many non essential AAs are synthesised by
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TRANSAMINATION. Amino grp from glutamate, glutamine
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How is glutamate formed and glutamine
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From NH4 and a-ketoglutarate. needs NADPH. Add amother NH4 and ATP to make glutamine
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How is aspartate aminotransferase formed
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Oxaloacetate +glutssmate = aspartate + a-ketoglutarate. Requires vit B6 as co-factor
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How is alanine aminotransferase formed
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Pyruvate +glutamate =alanine + a-ketoglutarate
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How is asparagine made
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Amino group from glutamine
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How is proline and arginine made
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From glutamate . needs ATP and NADH. Arginine synthesised via ornithine
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How is serine and glycine made
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Glycine is made from serine even though simplest amino acid. needs vit B6 and tetrahydrofolate.
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How is cysteine made, and which vitamin is needed for its synthesis
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Carbon skeleton from serine. sulphur atom from homocysteine (derived from methionine). needs vit B6
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