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Define PR
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"Public Relations is a planned process to influence public opinion, through sound character and proper performance, based on mutually satisfactory two-way communication"
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R.A.C.E. Formula = ?
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Research, Action, Communication, and Evaluation
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R.O.S.I.E. Formula = ?
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Research, Objectives, Strategies, Implementation, and Evaluation
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What are the 4 classifications of publics?
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1. Internal = stockholders, employees, directors2. External = Press, customers, clients, schools, etc.3. Primary = who do you most need to reach?4. Secondary = less than important than primary
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PR practitioners must...?
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Must have access to management and provide unbiased counsel; must inform management what the public thinks about the company
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Functions and Tools of PR...
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Writing: press releases, speeches, etc.media relations: relationships, coachingplanning: special events, etc.counseling: management, key clientsresearching: attitudes, opinions, and behaviorpublicity: generating positive exposure in the media...along with: marketing, communications, community relations, employee relations, government affairs, investor relations, and special publics relations
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PR History -- The Robber Barons
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= rise of big business and turn for the worse for the pubic; 'Profit is King' -- "The public-be-damned" mindset. Journalists eventually stepped in to expose them.
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Ivy Lee
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= Wall Street Journal reporter who adopted the "public-be-informed" idea; believed in honest and accurate PR and that companies have to earn the public's goodwill.
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Edward Bernays
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= influential father of PR
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5 Societal Factors that give shape to PR...
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1. growth of large institutions2. changes/conflicts among interest groups3. greater public awareness (thanks to technology)4. growing power of public opinion/global democracy5. dominance of the internet and world-wide web
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In 1951, 12 schools offered PR programs. today schools offer PR programs
% of daily newspapers copy emanates from PR professionals |
1. over 2002. 70%
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Goals of Communication?
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1. to inform (ie: AAA releases information on safe driving habits, performing a public service)2. to persuade (ie: CDC's program to protect people from swine flu)3. to motivate (ie: getting internal public to "pull for the team")4. to build mutual understanding (ie: community leaders and plant manager meet to discuss environment convers
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Traditional Theories of Communication1. Two-Step Flow Theory = ?2. Concentric Circle Theory = ?
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1. Media -- opinion leaders -- public2. from great thinkers -- disciples -- disseminators -- politically active -- politically inert
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What is the "Spiral of Silence" Theory?
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= voting with the majority; we don't want to be ostracized
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Words, Semantics, and Messages within Communication
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Phrases that have been in the media for years such as: "I'll be a monkey's uncle", "Boob tube", or more modern ones like "sick", "boss"content = the message and what we say with itmedium = the way in which the message is carried
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