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Most microorganisms can incorporate or fix CO2at least in
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Anaplerotic reactions
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Only autotrophs use
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CO2 as sole or principal carbon source
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The reduction or incorporation of CO2
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Require much energy
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Usually autotrophs derive energy by trapping light during
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Photosynthesis
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But some derive energy from theoxidation of
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Reduced inorganic electron donors
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Autotrophic CO2 fixation is crucial to life on earth because it provides
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Organic matter on which heterotrophs depend
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Microorganisms can fix CO2 or convert inorganic molecule to
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Organic carbon and assimilate it in 3 major ways
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All microbial autotrophs incorporate CO2 by special metabolic pathway
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Calvin cycle Calvin-Benson cycle or reductive pentose phosphate cycle
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Calvin cycle is found in
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Photosynthetic eukaryotes and most in photosynthetic prokaryotes
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It is absent in
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Archea ,Some obligately anaerobic bacteria,and some microaerophilic bacteria
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These microorganisms usually employ
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One or two other pathways
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A reductive tricarboxylic acid pathway is used by some
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Archea (Thermoproteus, Sulfolobus)and bacteria (cholorobium & desulfobacter)
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The acetyl-CoA pathway is found in
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Methanogens sulphate reducers and bacteria
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They can form acetate from CO2
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During fermentation
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Calvin cycle is found in
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Chloroplast stroma of eukaryotic microbial autotrophs
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