PNB 2264 Test 2

Bones: illium, ishcium, pubis}=os coxa and also sacrum.Articulations: Sacroilliac, lumbosacral, abd pubic symphysis.Muscles: Rectus abdominus and Quadratus lumborum.

Bones: Femoral head and acetabulum(made up of the os coxa).Articulations: Ball-and-socket, and stabilizing characteristics include: acetabular labrum and iliofemoral ligament.muscles: psoas major, Gluteus medius, gluteus minimus, gluteus maximus, adductors, rectus femoris, hamstrings, semitendinosus, semimembranosus, biceps femoris, and sartorius.

Bones: Femoral condyles, Tibial condyles, and patella.Articulations:

Bones: Fibula, Tibia, Tarsals.Articulations: Tibia and Fibula(Hinge or true ankle, and also called talocrural. Intertarsal (gliding)Movements: plantar and dorsi flexion; inversion and eversion.

A lever is an elongated rigid object that rotates around a fixed point called the fulcrum.

Three classes.

Fulcrum is in the middle between the effort and resistance. Seesaw is an example. example in the human body is the atlanto-occipital joint.

The resistance is between the fulcrum and the effort.Common example is lifting a wheelbarrow. Rare in the human body. One example is when you plantar flex your ankle so you are standing tiptoe.

The effort is between the resistance and the fulcrum. Like picking something up with a tweezer. In the body it is found at the elbow.

D_F is the effort arm.D_L is the resistance arm.Load is the resistance.Force is the effort.

D_F*F=D_L*L

N=mass*acceleration-where acceleration is 9.81m/s²

Muscle fibers running diagonally, increases the number of muscle fibers in volume of muscle-> increases strength.

Skeletal, cardiac, and smooth muscle.

Movement, posture, stabilizing joints, and heat generation.