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Cards In This Set
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Pleural cavity is between what two layers?
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Visceral and parietal pleura
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Visceral pleura covers what parts of the lung?
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Whole lung except hilum
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Parietal pleural lines what?
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Inner surface of the chest wall, mediastinum, dipahragm, adn beocmes continuous with visceral pleura at hilum
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Visceral and parietal pleura are normally sep'ed by what?
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Very thin layer of fluid
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Pleural effusion = ?
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Accumulation of excess fluid in the space between the parietal and visceral pleura
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What forms teh pleural fluid?
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It's an ultrafiltrate of plasma across the caps of the parietal pleura (removed by lymphatics located in the parietal pleura)
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What determines the rate formation of fluid?
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Starling law (describes balance of hydrostatic and oncotic pressures between the microvasculature and hte pleural cavity)
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Formation of a pleural effusion reflects either of what two things?
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Increase in production or decrease in removal
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Excess production of fluid can arise from what 3 places?
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Parietal pleura, the interstital spaces of the lung, or the peritoneal cavity (PC: via defects in diaphragm or lymphatics)
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Decreased removal bc of blockage of the pleural lymphatics most commonly occurs secondary to what?
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Malig invasion of the mediastinal lymph nodes but can also be caused by inflamm from processes such as an empyema
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2 classifications of pleural effusions?
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Transudate and exudate
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What happens in transudate?
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Rate of formation of pleural fluid exceeds max rate of lymphatic clearance
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In transudate, is pleural cap endothelium in tact?
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Yes
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In transudate, have high or low protein content of fluid?
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Low
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What happens in exudate?
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Loss of integrity of the pleural membrane and/or disruption of the lymphatic drainage
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