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Cards In This Set
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What is the function of the kidneys?
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1. excretion of wastes & foreign substances
2. regulate blood volume & blood pressure
3. regulate blood electrolytes
4. acid-base balance
5. produce hormones
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What is the excretion of wastes and foreign substances?
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Many wastes produced in the body are nitrogenous wastes eg:
urea= byproduct of protein breakdown
uric acid= byproduct of nucleic acid breakdown
creatine= byproduct of creatine breakdown
ex. of foreign subst= drugs, food additives, pesticides
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What is the significance of the kidney's fxn to reg blood volume/pressure?
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Important for long term ctrl of BP
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How do the kidneys regulate blood electrolytes?
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Na2+ is a major ion determining ECF osmolarity & blood volume (ECF vol)
K+ cardiac, muscle, nerve fxn
Ca2+ muscle cxn, blood clotting, bone formation
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What is the significance of the kidney's fxn for acid-base balance?
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Kidneys can regulate H+ and HCO3-, they play a significant role in pH homeostasis
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What are examples of hormones that the kidneys produce?
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Erythropoiethin: RBC synthesis
renin: Na+ and BP reg
calcitriol: active form of vitamin D
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What are nephrons?
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Tubules that make urine (inside of tubules=lumen)
*1.3 million nephrons/kidney
*usually produce 1.5-2 L urine/day
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What is urine?
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H2O & solutes:
urea, Na+, K+, phosphate, sulfate ions, creatinine, uric acid
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What are the parts of the nephron?
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-renal corpuscle (Bowman's capsule & Glomerulus),
-Renal tubules,
-proximal convoluted tubule (PCT),
-Loop of Henle (descending/ascending limb),
-distal convoluted tubule (DCT)--leads into-->
-collecting duct (collect urine from many different nephrons
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What is the Bowman's capsule?
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Capillary bed= surrounds glomerulus
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What is leaky and porous in the glomerulus?
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Glomerular endothelium
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What is Afferent arteriole?
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To glomerulus
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What is Efferent arteriole?
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Away from glomerulus
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Efferent has __ diameter than afferent, therefore glomular BP is __ than other capillary beds
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Efferent has smaller diameter than afferent, therefore glomular BP is higher than other capillaries.
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What do the peritubular capillaries surround?
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Surround PCT, DCT (and Loop of Henle in cortical nephrons)
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