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Cognitive Meaning
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Correspondace between our words and things in the world. Logical and objective.
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Emotive Meaning
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Words are expressed with positive and negative overtones
Ex. Gay
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Euphemism
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A way of saying something that eliminates as much emotive meaning as possible
Ex. Saying "let go" rather than "fired"
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Tone
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Expresses attitudes or feelings
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Slanting
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A form of misrepresentation in which a true statement is made to suggest something else (usually either known to be false or not known to be true). Also careful selection of facts so as to imply something else (usually something false).
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Weasel Words
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Locutions that appear to make little or no change in the content of a statement while in fact sucking out all or most of its content.
Ex. may/may be
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Obfuscation
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Talk so vaguely that no one knows what your saying.
Ex. Presidents
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Sexist Language
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Language directed toward a particular sex that either intentionally/unintentionally is degrading to that gender/group.
Ex. He/She
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Pro and con argument
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An argument that considers reasons in favor of and against a thesis or conclusion.
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Refutation to counterargument
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An attempt to refute one's opponent's arguments against one's own position.
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Comparison of alternative
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Arguing for a course of action by showing that likely alternatives are less desirable.
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Margin not and summary method
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A method for evaluating an extended passage by constructing a summary of that passage and evaluating the summary.
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Concrete Evidence
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1. Personal Experiences
2. The experience of others
3. Authoritative sources
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3 part of an argumentative essay
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1. Introduction
2. Body
3. Conclusion
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Purpose of an argumentative essay
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Persuade readers to accept your thesis.
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