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Cards In This Set
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Kantianism:
Deontological moral theories
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We have a duty to do or refrain from doing certain actions no matter what the consequences (focus on motive not result)
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Kantianism:
Kant’s Theory of a Good Will
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The only thing good w/out qualification is a good will
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Kantianism:
Morally Worth
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Actions have moral worth when they are both morally right and morally praiseworthy.
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Kantianism:
Moral Rightness
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Right= done in accordance with duty
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Kantianism:
Moral Praiseworthiness
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Praiseworthy= done from duty
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Kantianism:
Hypothetical / Categorical Imperative distinction
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Hypothetical imperative= if you desire/want X to come about, then you ought do Y
Catergorical= DO Y
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Kantianism:
Categorical Imperative – Universal Law Formulation
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All duties derived from this:
an act is morally right iff the agent can rationally will that the generalized form of the maxim become a universal law
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Arguments against the Universal Law Formulation of the CI:
Exceptions to Rules Objection
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CI-rules apply to all agents at all times, but sometimes exceptions must happen, so CI is false
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Arguments against the Universal Law Formulation of the CI:
Maxim-Specificity Objection
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Right/wrong depends on maxim, but a change of maxim changes moral status meaning CI isn't an adequate method to tell right/wrongness
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Arguments against the Universal Law Formulation of the CI:
Moral Dilemmas Objection
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Kantianism says moral rules are absolute, but sometimes you MUST chose, and A and B are both wrong
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Arguments against the Universal Law:
Irrationality
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To will a contradiction, to will P and Q when u cant have P and Q, to will P where everyone who is rational wills not P
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Categorical Imperative – Means-End Formulation
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Treat people as an end, never only as a means
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Mere things/persons distinction
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Instrumental value or persons/rational agents
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Punishment:
Retributivism
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Punishment justified when person is quilty & punishment fits crime (wrongness of the crime and criminal’s degree of responsibility)
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Punishment:
Retributivism's View on Criminals
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Free rational agents who earn their punishment, Used free will to chose own penalty, Respects agent’s choices- not using them as a means
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