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Cards In This Set
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What are human leukocyte antigens?
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Antigens in our blood that help fight of microbes
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How many HLA types do people have?
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Many (unlike aBO blood types where you only have one)
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What are the two major classes of HLA and the three major types of each?
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Class I HLA --> HLA-1, HLA-B, HLA-C
Class II HLA --> HLA-DP, HLA-DQ, HLA-DR |
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What is the expression patter of HLA? similar to what?
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Follows a co-dominant expression patter, just like blood groups
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How is co-dominance seen in blood types?
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AB blood group phenotype --> both A and B type antigens are made
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How are HLA genes passed on to a child?
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They are passed on as a unit from parent to child
a child receives half of their HLA genes from each parent |
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What is the only case where you can have two individuals with the same HLA?
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Identical twins
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What is HLA also know as?
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Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC)
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On which chromosome are most HLA genes found?
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Chromosome 6
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What cells express MHC I and MHC II?
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MHC class I --> on most nucleated cells in the body
MHC class II --> mainly to APC |
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What is the only cell that doesn't express MHC I? why?
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Red blood cells --> they do not ahve a nucleus
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What cells express MHC I and MHC II? what is the expression?
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Mainly APC only
exception --> Thymic epithelial cells can express both |
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What increases the expression of MHC II in APC? what does it do in non-APC cells at sites of infection?
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IFN-gamma
it can induce the expression of MHC II on non-APC cells |
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What does polymorphism mean in HLA?
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- there are many possible alleles for each gene
- there are lots of possible combinations of alleles that can form different HLA combinations |
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What is HLA's role in fighting diseases?
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HLA contains MHC I and MHC II that present antigen
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