Pharmacology - Antibiotics Exam 1

-Aerobes: Listeria, Enterococci, Streptococcus, Staphylococcus-Medications: Beta-lactams, Chloramphemical, Clindamycin, Fluoroquinolones, Sulfonamides, Vancomycin

-Anaerobes: Actinomyces, Clostridium, Peptostreptococcus-Beta-lactams, Chlamphenicol, Clindamycin, Fluoroquinolones, Macrolides, Metronidazole, Sulfonamides, Tetracyclines

-Aerobes: Enterobacter, Escherichia, Helicobacter, Hemophilus, Klebsiella, Moraxella, Neisseria, Pasturella, Pseudomonas-Aminoglycosides, Beta-lactams, Chloramphenicol, Fluoroquinolones, Sulfonamides, Tetracyclines

-Anaerobes: Bacteriodes, Fusibacterium, Provtella-Beta-lactams, Chloramphenicol, Clindamycin, Macrolides, Metronidazole, Moxifloxacin, Sulfonamides, Tetracyclines

Cell wall synthesis inhibitor Narrow to broad -Anti-staphylococcal PNCs-Penicillin-Aminopenicillins-Extended Spectrum PNCS

Cell wall synthesis inhibitor Narrow to broad 1st to 5th generation

Cell wall synthesis inhibitor -Ertrapenem (Invanz): doesn't cover Pseudomonas-Impenem/cilastin (Primaxin)-Dropenem (Dorybax)-Meropenem (Merrem) IV ONLY-ESBL (extended spectrum beta-lactamase) gram negatives, pseudomonas, acinetobacter-HCAP, VAP, febrile neutropenia, diabetic foot infections, decubiti-Side Effects: Seizures (highest with Impenem), Thrombocytopenia (risk of bleeding)

Cell wall synthesis inhibitor Gram negative aerobes, often including Pseudomonas-SAFE IN SEVERE BETA-LACTAM ALLERGY Aztreonam

Cell wall synthesis inhibitor Gram postive ONLY, primarly staph MethicillinIV:-Oxacillin-NafcillinPO:-Dicloxacillin -Used for confirmed staphylococcal infections (narrow range) -Endocarditis, osteomyelitis, skin/soft tissue, pneumonia-Bulky substituents on molecules preven breakdown by wimpy staph beta-lactamases, but also limits spectrum of activity

Cell wall synthesis inhibitor Gram positve, some gram negative, some anaerobes -PNC G (PO or IV)-PNC V (PO)-PNC benzathine (Bicillin LA for IM) - SYPHILIS-PNC benzathine procaine (Bicillin CR for IM) - STREP PHARYNGITIS (local anesthetic used for children) 1st Line: Treponema pallidum (syphilis), streptococcal pharyngitis, enterococcal infection, clostridial infection (gas gangrene)

Cell wall synthesis inhibitor Gram positive, gram negative, some anaerobes -Ampicillin (PO or IV) - (+sulbactam, where beta-lactamase positive strains are likely)-Amoxicillin (PO) - (+clavulanate, where beta-lactamase positive strains are likely) 1st line: Acute Otitis Media (AOM), neonatal meningitis

Cell wall synthesis inhibitor Gram postive, gram negative, anaerobes, AND often Pseudomonas -Ticarcillin (Timentin) - contains significant amounts of Na+, slightly narrower spectrum than piperacillin-Piperacillin (Zosyn) -Addition of clavulanate to both confers activity against many beta-lactamase producing organisms-Pseudomonas, diabetic foot infections, decubiti, HCAP, VAP -Usually combination treatment for anti-pseudomonal coverage

Cell wall synthesis inhibitor -Similar to PNC; exept LAME -Cephalexin (Keflex - PO)-Cefazolin (Ancef/Kefzol - IV) -Skin/soft tissue, pre-op prophylaxis (gram +)-UTI cause by S. saphrophyticus

Cell wall synthesis inhibitor -Similar to aminopenicillins; except LAME; Teton and Fox cover Bacteroides PO:-Cefprozil (Cefzil)-Loracarbef (Lorabid) IV:-Cefotetan (Cefotan)-Cefoxitin (Mefoxin) PO/IV:-Cefuroxime (Ceftin) -Cefotetan/Cefoxin = Bacteroides prophylaxis-Cefuroxime/Cefprozil = Lyme, AOM, URI

Cell wall synthesis inhibitor PO:-Cefixime (Suprax)-Cefpodoxime (Vantin)-Cefdinir (Omnicef) IV:-Ceftazidime (Fortaz) - Pseudomonas-Ceftriaxone (Rocephin) -CAP + macrolide (treat atypicals)-Gonorrhea (plus macrolide or tetracycline derivative for chlamydia)-Meningitis (not neonatal/elderly)