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Cards In This Set
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What is the difference between drug and medicine?
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Drug is the chemical that does something.
Medicine is the entire thing.
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What is a dosage form?
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A formulation of drug and additives needed to solubilize, suspend, thicken, preserve, emulsify, modify dissolution, compact etc, the drug into a form acceptable to the patient.
simpley --> a medicine
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What is a lead compound
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Promising new drug (undergoes modification for desired effects)
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What is a pro drug
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Administered to body but has to undergo metabolic transformation before producing desired effect
ie. make a drug more lipid or water soluble
ie. if active drug is insoluble in water, a prodrug could be prepared by adding a functional group, that would later be metabolicly detached to yield the active drug again.
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What is a new drug?
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- under study, may or may not work
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What does organoleptic mean?
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- a persons sensory perceptions of dosage form, how it is accepted by the patient
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What are the 3 important considerations in a dosage form?
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- physiochemical properties of drug (structural, dissolution, stability, interactions, organoleptic)
- Biopharmaceutical Considerations (how it is ADME, route of administration)
- Therapeutic Factors (dose required, dose regime, patient characteristics, systemic or local illness)
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In silico means
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In computer
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In vivo means
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In animal
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What happens in the New Chemical Entity Step (NCE) in the drug development process?
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- first step, create or isolate promising compound.
- make it more reactive, reduce side effects, improve solubility, add functional groups etc.
*everytime you functionalize a drug it is a new/different drug so must restart the process again.
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Drug development process has three main stages, Discovery, Development, and Commercialization. Describe each.
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Discovery - NCE, preclinical studies, IND
Development - Preclinical studies cont'd, Clinical trials
Commercialization - NDA, post marketing
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In vitro means
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In cell
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What is a mechanism based drug design?
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A type of molecular modification to design a drug for interferance of a specific biochemical pathway or mechanism. Ie. Enalaprilat (Vasotec)inhibits ACE enzyme.
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What is molecular graphics?
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Use of cpu graphics to represent and manipulate the structure of the drug molecule to fit the simulated molecular structure
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What is preformulation
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- after NCE demonstrates promise in vitro
-a drugs intrinsic chemical and physical characteristics.
ie solubility, partition coefficient, dissolution rate, physical form, stability...
- carried out prior to any development of dosage form
- gives idea about type of dosage form and excipients would be optimal
- can last throughout clinical trials
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