Front | Back |
Posterior fontanelle
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Closes at 2 months
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Anterior fontanelle
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Closes at 18 months
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Neuro pediatric differences
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Primitive reflexes, progressive myelination (head to toe), large head, excessive spinal mobility, cartilaginous vertebral bodies
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Early signs of increased ICP
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Small VS changes, HA, vomiting, dizzy, sluggish pupils, parents notice change in LOC
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Infant increased ICP
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Bluging fontanelle, irritable, dilated scalp veins, high pitched cry
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Late signs of increased ICP
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Cushings triad (widening pulse pressure, bradycardia, slow/irregular respirations), fixed dilated pupils, seizures, significant changes in LOC
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Neuro assessment
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Cranial nerves, fontanels, cognitive function, VS, posturing, neck pain? headache? GCS
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Glascow coma scale
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Eye opening, verbal response (baby: cooing, inconsolable, moaning), motor response (spontaneous movements, uncoordinated movements, no pain response)
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Partial seizures
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Involves only one hemisphere or particular area of the brain
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Simple seizure
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Partial seizure; no loss of consciousness, no aura, no post seizure confusion
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Complex seizure
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Partial seizure; consciousness imparied, usually starts after 3 yrs old and goes through adolescence. Post-seizure amnesia/confusion, can progress to more severe seizure acitvity over time
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Generalized seizures
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Diffuse activity of brain; may have aura before and postical state afterwards
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Absence seizure
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Spacing out for 1-10 seconds, hard to identify
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Myoclonic seizure
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Loss of consciousness with repetitive muscle movement
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Tonic seizure
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Loss of consciousness with muscle stiffening.
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