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Cards In This Set
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Major form of storage lipid in animals and bulk of dietary lipid
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Triglycerides
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Structure of a triglyceride
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3 esters of the alcohol glycerol with 3 fatty acids
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Are monoglycerides and diglycerides found in plasma?
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Rarely
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3 ways in which glycerol 3-P is formed
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Anaerobic glycolysis, glyceroneogenesis from pyruvate (DHOA intermediate for both), or action of glycerol kinase
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Is glycerol kinase found in liver tissue, adipose tissue, neither, or both?
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Liver only
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Possible sources of glycerol 3-P in adipocytes
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Stored glycogen, incoming plasma glucose, pyruvate
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Enzyme that adds fatty acids to 1 and 2-positions of glycerol 3-P in phosphatidic acid pathway to form phosphatidic acid
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Acyl transferases
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Where are acyl transferases located (and reactions carried out)
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Endoplasmic reticulum
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Molecule formed when phosphohydrolase removes a Pi from phosphatidic acid
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1,2-diacylglycerol (DAG)
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Last step in triglyceride formation
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Acylation
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How can free fatty acids enter triglyceride synthesis?
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Must first be attached to CoA.SH
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How is phosphatidic acid pathway used in liver, adipose, and mucosal tissue?
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Liver and adipose - primary means of producing triglycerides
mucosa - scavenge pathway
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Substances in which both fatty acids and phosphate-containing compounds are esterified to alcohols
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Phospholipids
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Structure of phospholipid
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Fatty acids esterified to C1 (usually SFA) and C2 (usually UFA) and phosphate ester at C3 linked to inositol or nitrogen base
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Most common phospholipids (5)
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Palmitic, stearic, oleic, linoleic, arachidonic
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