Choose Correct Cellular Adaptation Terms Flashcards

9. Which of the following is the least common type of cellular adaptation? a. hypertrophy b. hyperplasia c. atrophy d. dysplasia

10. A patient with a history of smoking has a bronchial biopsy showing that the normal columnar ciliated epithelial cells have been replaced by stratified squamous epithelial cells. Which of the following is most likely to be true? a. this process could be reversed if he quits smoking b. cancer will certainly develop c. cellular hyperplasia has most likely occurred d. the likelihood of cancer decreases if the patient also consumes alcohol

11. Which of the following is least likely to cause cellular injury? a. noise b. ionizing radiation c. exercise d. poor diet

19. Which of the following organs is most likely affected by the type of necrosis that results from hypoxia caused by severe ischemia? a. lungs b. heart c. brain d. pancreas

22. Phagocytosis is an example of which of the following? a. endocytosis b. exocytosis c. homeostasis d. pinocytosis

27. Which of the following types of necrosis is often associated with pulmonary tuberculosis? a. virulogic necrosis b. liquefactive necrosis c. gangrenous necrosis d. caseous necrosis

30. A patient who has a diarrhea receives a 3% saline (hypertonic) solution intravenously to replace the sodium and chloride lost in the stool. Which of the following effect will this fluid replacement have on cells? a. cells will swell and burst b. cells will become hydrated c. cells will divide d. cells will shrink

34. After ovulation, the uterine endometrial cells divide under the influence of estrogen; this is an example of which of the following? a. hormonal hyperplasia b. hormonal dysplasia c. hormonal hypertrophy d. hormonal anaplasia

35. Which of the following cells, if any, lose their ability to replicate and divide? a. cells of the skin b. cells of skeletal muscle c. cells of the gastrointestinal tract d. none; cells do not lose their ability to replicate and divide

36. Which of the following neuromuscular junction disorders is associated with an abnormality in acetylcholine transmission and commonly presents with fatigue ability? a. myasthenia gravis b. alzheimer’s disease c. cystic fibrosis d. retinoblastoma

38. Which of the following refers to the abnormal proliferation of cells in response to excessive hormonal stimulation? a. physiologic dysplasia b. pathologic metaplasia c. physiologic hyperplasia d. pathologic hyperplasia

40. Which of the following occurs during exocytosis? a. no repairs in the plasma membrane can take place b. all substances are only secreted into the cytoplasm c. soluble molecules can flow freely into and out of the cell d. macromolecules can be secreted across the cell membranes

Hypoxia

Chemotaxis

Apoptosis