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Chromatography
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A process or method of separating and analyzing mixtures of chemical substances by chromatographic adsorption into a media.
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Chromatogram
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The pattern formed by zones (spots) of separated pigments and of colorless substance(s) in chromatographic procedures.
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Chromatograph
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To employ or use chromatography to separate substances.
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Paper Chromatography
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Is a procedure for analysis of complex chemical mixtures by the process absorption of the unknown sample (in a solvent) on a special grade of paper.
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Retention Factor (Rf)
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May be defined as the ratio of the distance traveled by the substance to the distance traveled by the solvent. Rƒ values are usually expressed as a fraction of two decimal places. If Rƒ value of a solution is zero, the solute remains in the stationary phase and thus it is immobile.
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Mobile Phase
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The mixture is dissolved in a fluid called the mobile phase, which carries it through a structure holding another material called the stationary phase. It may be called "eluting solution".
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Solvent Front
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Remains fixed in place while the mobile phase carries the components of the mixture through the medium being used.
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Developing solution
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Moves up the paper by capillary action. The leading edge of the developing solution is called the solvent front.
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Rf Formula
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Can be calculated by measuring the distance the spot traveled and the distance the solvent traveled.
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Resolution
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is the degree to which a species or substances are separated.
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Affinity
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Is a natural attraction or the forces between substances.
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Liquid Chromatography
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Is a technique used to separate a sample into its individual parts. This separation occurs based on the interactions of the sample with the mobile and stationary phases.
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Gas Chromatography
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S a common type of chromatography used in analytical chemistry for separating and analyzing compounds that can be vaporized without decomposition.
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Thin-Layer Chromatography
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Is performed on a sheet of glass, plastic, or aluminium foil, which is coated with a thin layer of adsorbent material, usually silica gel, aluminum oxide, or cellulose.This layer of adsorbent is known as the stationary phase.
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Spectrophotometer
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Is an instrument that can be adjusted to illuminate a sample with a specific wavelength of light. The spectrophotometer then measures the amount of light energy that is absorbed or transmitted by the sample.
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