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Acute pain:
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15-20% u.s. pop per year,
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Chronic pain:
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25-30% u.s. pop per year,
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Barriers to pain management:
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Failure to believe, myths, low expectations, lack of accoutnatbility, inadequate education by HC providers, cultural and social barriers
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When treating pain what do you need to remember?
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Pain is subjective and is always what the pt says it is.
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Report pain:
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Locations, Quality, Onset (duration), Alleviation/aggravation factors, effects on daily life
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Sensory recptors:
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Free nerve endings
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Nociceptors:
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Free nerve endings that respond to Noxious stimuli
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Examples of noxious stimuli:
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1. Mechanical (stretching/compression), 2. Thermal (extremes cold/heat) 3. Chemical (r/t tissue injury)
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2 types of fibers:
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A-delta fibers (fast/mylenated), C-nerve fibers (slow, long lasting/unmylenated)
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TX of pain:
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External analgesics, internal opioids, mid-brain/spinal neurotransmitters (seritonin/enkephalin), psychological
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Perception of pain:
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Family, social support, coping style, sex, culture, meaning of pain, attention, anxiety, previous experience, age
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Acute Pain:
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Change in vitals (increased BP/pulse), rely on verbalization/nonverbal, short duration, UKO, <3mo duration, Mild to severe pain
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Chronic pain:
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No change in VS, rely on verbal/nonverbal, cause may/may not be know, c fibers, not responding to TX, may range from mild to severe, >3mo duration
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Describe pain scale:
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0-10 (10 worst), 0-3 mild, 4-6 moderate, 7-10 severeuse smileys for children (children feel pain as we do!!!)
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Types of chronic pain:
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Neuropathic: C-fibers, peripheral nervous systems may be dammaged, Visceral: poorly localised, (EX: IBS), Somatic/Bone: mixed A/C fibers, surgical site, injury, easy to describe,
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