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Cards In This Set
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What does the cell structure consist of?
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Plasma membrane, cytoplasm (cytosol & organelles), and nucleus
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What does the cell membrane consist of?
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Phospholipid bilayer, cholesterol, proteins (integral and peripheral), attached carbohydrates (glycolipids and glycoproteins)*they identify the cell
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What is the membrane's function?
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Barrier between inside and outside of cellcontrols entry of materials (transport)receives chemical and mechanical signalstransmits signals between intra and extra cellular spaces
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What are solvent, solute, concentration, and concentration gradient?
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Solvent: the liquid doing the dissolving (most times water)Solute: the dissolved material (particles/gas)Concentration: amount of solute in a given amount of solventConcentration gradient: difference between 2 areas of solution
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What are the requirements of simple diffusion?
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For simple diffusion, a concentration gradient of solute is needed. Solute can dissolve across a membrane (if present)
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What is facilitated diffusion?
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Requires carrier in membrane NOT ATPSolute goes down concentration gradientTransport depends on number of carriers
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What is osmosis?
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Diffusion of water across selectively permeable membrane (allows solvent to pass, not solute)
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What is active transport?
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Requires a carrier (pump)Requires energy (ATP)Can transport up (against) concentration gradientCritical for moving most ionsMajor active transport is sodium-potassium pump
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What is transport in vesicles?
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Requires energy (ATP)Involves small membrane sacEndocytosis: import materials into cellPhagocytosis: ingestion of particles such as bacteria into WBCsPinocytosis: ingestion of fluid (not specific)Exocytosis: exporting materials
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What is the cytoplasm?
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Cell contentsincludes organelles and cytosolExcludes nucleus
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What is the cytoskeleton?
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Maintains shape of cellPositions organelles Changes cell shapeIncludes: microfilaments, intermediate filaments, microtubules
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What is the function of centrosomes?
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Composed of tubulin that grows the mitotic spindleMoves chromosomes to the ends of cell during cell division
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What are cilia and flagella?
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Flagellum: single tail like structure on sperm (moves cell itself)Cilia: in groups (moves things around the cell)
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What are ribosomes?
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Made in the nucleus (nucleolus)Sites of protein synthesisCan be attached to E.R. or free in cytosol
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What is endoplasmic reticulum?
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Rough E.R.: folded membranes studded with ribsosomes (transport protein after it's made)Smooth E.R.: lacks ribosomes, functions in lipid synthesis, release of glucose in liver cells into the bloodstream, drug detoxification, storage and release of Ca in muscle cells
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