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What is otitis media?
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Inflammation of the middle ear
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What are the 3 classifications of otitis media?
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1. Acute OM = < 3 weeks2. Subacute OM = 3 wks - 3 months3. Chronic OM = > 3 months
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Chronic OM is usually due to ________
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Underlying infection
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The symptoms of subacute OM are more similar to acute OM/ chronic OM.
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Chronic OM
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What is the most common age group with OM?
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6 - 11 months
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Describe the pathophysiology of otitis media.
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URI/allergy --> nasal congestion --> eustachian tube dysfxn air absorption by middle earair absorption by middle ear + ETD --> negative pressurenegative pressure --> serous effusionbacteria can travel up to middle ear by ETbacteria eat the effusion
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What are the risk factors for OM?
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AgeSex (male)Race Day careseasonsGenetics (cleft palate)Breast-feedingSmoke exposureMedical conditions
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What is one of the biggest risks for developing acute OM?
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Day care- larger day care groups are worse due to wide exposure to bacteria, increased URIs
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What is the relationship of OM and breast feeding?
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OM is inversely related to breast feedingMore breast feeding --> more antibodies --> less URIs --> less OM
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What is the relationship of smoking and OM?
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Children exposed to smoke --> ciliary dysfxn --> increased OM
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Describe the anatomy of the Eustachian tube.
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Cartilage canal that connects the middle ear and nasopharynx.Lined by mucosa that has mucus and ciliated cells
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How is the ET opened/closed?
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Twists open (rotation of cartilaginous portion) by contraction of the tensor veli palatini muscles; closes by letting it collapse back down, no sphincters or valves.
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ET is usually open/closed at rest.
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Closed.
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When does the ET open?
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When swallowing, yawning, sneezing.
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What are the 3 major functions of the eustachian tube?
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1. Protection of middle ear from nasopharyngeal sounds2. Clearance of middle ear secretions3. Ventilation (pressure regulation) of middle ear
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