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Cards In This Set
| Front | Back |
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What signs on the face are present in Horner syndrome?
What causes it? |
Signs: miosis, anhidrosis, ptosis, enopthalmos (ipsilateral to side of lesion)
Caused by a sympathetic palsy (lesion in cervical sympathetic chain or central pathway) |
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Name a short acting mydriatic eye drop
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Tropicamide
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List the five most common causes of chronic visual loss
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- POAG
- ARMD - cataracts - diabetic retinopathy - refractive error (astigmatism, hypermetropia, myopia) |
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What is amblyopia?
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Poor vision caused by abnormal development of the visual areas of the brain in response to abnormal visual stimulation during early development
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What is dacryocystitis?
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Infetion of the nasolacrimal sac
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What is a chalazion?
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Meibomian cyst due to blockage of one of the meibomian glands on the inside of the eyelid.
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What is the medical term for teary eyes?
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Epiphora
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What test do you perform to test for a dry eye?
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Schirmer's test (filter paper placed under lower tarsal plate and leave hanging from the ey for five minutes...check to see how far the moisture has progressed down the filter paper).
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What is the term for normal refraction?
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Emmetropic
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What is the term used for physiologic loss of accommodation in the eyes, often due to aging?
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Presbyopia
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Causes of diplopia can be divided into three main categories. What are the categories and give an example in each.
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- neurological e.g. cranial nerve dysfunction III, IV, VI
- mechanical restriction e.g. thyroid eye disease - muscular dysfunction e.g. myasthenia gravis |
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What are the main causes of visual flashers?
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Retinal detachment, vitreous detachment, vitreous haemorrhage
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What are the seven visual questions you should ask in a patient presenting with an eye problem?
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- unilateral or bilateral
- pain - red eye - discharge (watery or purulent) - loss of vision (acute or chronic) - diplopia - flashes/floaters/other visual phenomenon |
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History taking: specific past ocular history questions to ask.
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- any past ophthalmological diagnoses, procedures or medications
- ever seen an optometrist? Wear glasses? - history of eye problems in either eye? - previous eye surgery? |
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History taking: past medical history. What specific conditions should you ask in a patient presenting with an eye problem? (systemic conditions, not occular hx)
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- HTN (--> hypertensive retinopathy)
- diabetes (--> diabetic retinopathy, cataracts, trasien tblurring of vision in hyperglycaemia, POAG) - systemic inflammatory disease e.g. rheumatoid arthritis (-->inflammatory disease of the eye e.g. scleritis, episcleritis and uveitis) |
