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Cards In This Set
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What are carbohydates - composition, definition, general formula.
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*biomolecules composed of C,H, and O
*defined as plyhydroxyaldehydes or ketones
* Cx(H20)y - if x and y are 6, this is a hexose
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What are the functional groups found in carbs?
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-H-C=O (carbonyl, aldose)
-C=O- (keto, ketose)
*all contain -OH (hydroxyl) groups
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What are the 2 ways to classify carbs? Give examples.
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*number of carbon atoms in the base unit - pentoses (5C)-ribose and deoxyribose
*number of sugar units-mono (1), di (2), oligo(3-10), poly(>10) hexose units
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What is stereochemistry? WHat are the 2 forms of sugars? What form do we use?
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*study of the spatial arrangement of molecules
*D and L - we use D
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What are the similarities and differences with stereoisomers (4)?
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*same empirical structure
*different spatial arrangement
*different optical activity
*different biological properties
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What is the other name for the D and L forms? What are their properties?
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Enantiomers
*can't be superimposed
*mirror images
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What is the chiral carbon? What is the importance of the chiral carbon to stereoisomers?
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*C with 4 different groups attached to it
*must have at least 1 chiral center to have stereoisomers
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How many enantiomers are possible per chiral carbon? How many biologically active isomers?
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2^n, number of biologically active is half the number of enantiomers
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Give the Fisher projections for L and D glucose
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 L is the mirror image |
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What is the simplest sugar?
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D-glyceraldehyde
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Most important sugar in the diet
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D-glucose
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Sweetest of all sugars
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D-fructose
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D-galactose
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Part of milk sugar
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Used in RNA
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D-ribose
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What does a solution of an optical isomer do to light?
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Rotates it in one direction
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