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 Becqurel, Antoine Henri |
(1852-1908) was a physicist, Nobel laureate, and the discoverer of radioactivity. For work in this field he, along with Marie Skłodowska-Curie and Pierre Curie, received the 1903 Nobel Prize in Physics.
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 Radioactivity |
Refers to the particles which are emitted from nuclei as a result of nuclear instability. Because the nucleus experiences the intense conflict between the two strongest forces in nature.
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 Radioisotope |
are radioactive isotopes of an element. Different isotopes of the same element have the same number of protons in their atomic nuclei but differing numbers of neutrons. They can also be defined as atoms that contain an unstable combination of neutrons and protons.
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 Nuclear Decay |
Is the process by which a nucleus of an unstable atom loses energy by emitting radiation. A material that spontaneously emits such radiation.
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 Nuclear Radiation |
Is charged particles and energy that are emitted from the nuclei of radioisotopes. Nuclear radiation include Alpha particles, Beta particles, and gamma rays.
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 Alpha Particle |
Positively charged particle emitted by various radioactive materials during decay. It consists of two neutrons and two protons, and is thus identical to the nucleus of a helium atom.
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 Beta Particle |
Denoted by the lower-case Greek letter beta (β), is a high-energy, high-speed electron or positron emitted in the radioactive decay of an atomic nucleus
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 Gamma Ray |
Are ionizing radiation, and are thus biologically hazardous. Decay of an atomic nucleus from a high energy state to a lower energy state, a process called gamma decay, produces gamma radiation.
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 Alpha Decay |
α-decay is a type of radioactive decay in which an atomic nucleus emits an alpha particle (helium nucleus) and thereby transforms or 'decays' into an atom with a mass number that is reduced by four and an atomic number that is reduced by two.
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 Beta Decay |
(β-decay) is a type of radioactive decay in which a proton is transformed into a neutron, or vice versa, inside an atomic nucleus. This process allows the atom to move closer to the optimal ratio of protons and neutrons.
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 Gamma Decay |
Results in the atomic and mass numbers of the unstable nuclei remain the same, but there is a decrease of energy in the nucleus. Alpha and Beta decay often occurs during Gamma Ray Decay.
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 Background Radiation |
Is a radiation dose rate at a specified location which is generated by any combination of natural and artificial (man-made) ionizing radiation sources.
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 Radon-222 |
Is a radioactive, colorless, odorless, tasteless noble gas, occurring naturally as a decay product of radium. Its most stable isotope, 222Rn, has a half-life of 3.8 days.
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 Geiger Counter |
Is an instrument used for measuring ionizing radiation used widely in such applications as radiation dosimetry, radiological protection, experimental physics and the nuclear industry.
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 Film Badge Monitor |
Dosimeter, or film badge, is a personal dosimeter used for monitoring cumulative radiation dose due to ionizing radiation. The badge consists of two parts: photographic film, and a holder.
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