Neurology- Referred Pain

Referred pain occurs in a different region from the origin of the source of pain

Is used to decribe pain that arise in one structure and felt in a region which is different from the site of pathology. it is the word use to describe visceral or vascular pain.

Used to describe pain that has a skeletal origin.

The pain would not increased if the site of pain is palpated.

Unless the analgesic agent is administered to the primary pain site

Meeting point of two or more objects at a common point.

Is the process by which the brain refers sensation to their USUAL point of stimulation.

This theory acknowledges that there are more 1st order neurons than second neurons in the body as a result many first order neurons converge on the same 2nd order neuron. this confuses the brain as such the brain projects the sensation in the usual place.

Afferent input from deep structures converges to a great degree than superficial structures.

Converge at the same point c3-5 which is innervated by the phrenic nerve

Upper trapezius, supraclavicular fossa

Ipsilateral side of the body

chest left shoulder and down the arm and jaw

Stomach- spine between the shoulder blades kidney pain- groin area throat- to the ear intestinal dysfunction- middle or low back spleen injuries- left shoulder, lateral end damaged appendix- either side of the abdomen

Nociceptors from the heart, lungs, esophagus aorta & stomach share the same spinal cord segments. these afferents has connections via lissauers tract