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What approach suggests that Health of family depends on member’s abilities to recognize boundaries, alli-ance, and communication patterns
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Structural Approach
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This therapy 1. Uses a continuous meditation based upon highly structured instruction in self-observation and reflection2. Clients placed in small sitting area and practice meditation from early morning until evening
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Naikan therapy (Japan)
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This therapy Works at building character to enable one to take action responsively in life
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Morita therapy (Japan) or Purpose-centered therapy created by Dr.Shoma Morita in the 1930s
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This therapy supports that1. Good and evil spirits can affect health,luck, and other elements of human life
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Espiritismo (based in Latin America, Carib-bean)
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3 levels of counseling involved in conditional process for cross-cultural counseling
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1. Pre-entry Level
2. Entry Level3. Outcome Level |
4 conditions may arise when counseling aperson from a different culture:
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Condition I: Appropriate Process/Appro-priate GoalsCondition II: Appropriate Process/Inap-propriate GoalsCondition III: Inappropriate Process/Appropriate GoalsCondition IV: Inappropriate Process/ Inappropriate Goals
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African American Client Values
2 major factors in self-disclosure |
A. Cultural paranoia: b. Functional paranoia:
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Cultural paranoia:
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Hesitancy due to concern for being misunderstood or taken advantage of (a healthy response to racism)
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Functional paranoia:
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Individual displays a distrust to all therapists regardless of race (stems from personal pathology)
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Forms of African American self-disclosure
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A. Intercultural non-paranoiac disclosure: b. Functional or confluent paranoiac: c. Healthy cultural paranoiac:
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Intercultural non-paranoiac disclosure:
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Willing to disclose to either an African American or a Caucasian therapist
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Functional or confluent paranoiac:
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Will not disclose regardless of therapist’sethnicity
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Healthy cultural paranoiac:
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Willing to disclose to an African American therapist but not a Caucasian one
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1974 Lau vs. Nichols:
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Public schools ordered to offer programs to provide meaningful education regardless of language
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Cummins (1986): Four ways to empower students
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A. Incorporation of language and culture of the minority group into the school programb. Participation of the ethnic community in the children’s educationc. Implementation of methods to increase student motivation by having them use their first language to achieve greater knowledged. Emphasizing professional involvement in assessment to allow those profes-sionals to become advocated for the students
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