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Exoticism
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Musical style in which rhythms, melodies, or instruments evoke the color and atmosphere of far-off lands.
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Lied
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German for “song”; most commonly associated with the solo art song of the nineteenth century, usually accompanied by piano.
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Song Cycle
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group of songs, usually Lieder, that are unified musically or through their texts.
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Shubertiad
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written by Schubert
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Gesamtkunstwerk
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German for “total artwork”; a term coined by Richard Wagner to describe the synthesis of all the arts (music, poetry, drama, visual spectacle) in his late operas.
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Sprechstimme
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A vocal style in which the melody is spoken at approximate pitches rather than sung on exact pitches; developed by Arnold Schoenberg.
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Klanfarbenmelodie
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Twentieth-century technique in which the notes of a melody are distributed among different instruments, giving a pointillistic texture.
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Leitmotif
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“Leading motive,” or basic recurring theme, representing a person, object, or idea commonly used in Wagner’s operas.
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Nationalism
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powerful symbolism behind the works
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Atonality
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Total abandonment of tonality (centering in a key). Atonal music moves from one level of dissonance to another, without areas of relaxation.
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Tone Poem
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: One movement orchestral form that develops a poetic idea, suggests a scene, or creates a mood. Generally associated with the Romantic era.
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- Concert Overture
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: not associated with an opera, a single-movement concert piece based on a literary idea
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Program Symphony
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multi-movement orchestral work
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Incidental Music
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an overture and series or pieces to be played between the acts of a play and during important scenes. Also applies to film music and background music in television today.
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Polytonality
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: The simultaneous use of two or more keys, common in twentieth-century music.
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