Top Questions for Muscular System

• the anatomical arrangment of muscle fibers
• the way that the muscle attaches to the bone

• shape
• action or movement
• the size and the range of motion

• parallel muscles
• pennate
• convergent muscles
• circular or sphincter

Axes of fascicles run parallel to the axes of the musclespindle shaped or strap like, will have a central body (belly or gaster) when parallel muscle contracts it gets smaller and larger in diameter especially at the belly Ex.. Biceps and sartorius

feather like, fascicles are short and oblique attached to a central tendonproduces more tension than parallel muscles

• unipennate- fascicles insert into only one side of the tendon
  • ex. Extensor digitorium
• bipennate- fascicle insert on both sides of the tendon
  • ex. Rectus femorus
• Multi-pennate-many fascicles inserted into a tendon that typaicaly branches
  • deltoid

Fan shaped forced directed to a point called a RAPHE(tendon, aponuroisis, or collogen fibers)can pull in different dirtections since each section can change directions

• ex. Pectoralis Major

Contraction acts to close a hole

• fascicles are arranged in a circular pattern
  • ex. orbicularis oris, orbicularis occuli

Immovable end of muscle to bone

Moveable end of muscle to bone

• agonist
• antagonist
• synergist
• fixator

• the prime mover- the muscle chiefly responsible for movement

• Ex. prime mover of the elbow is the biceps brachii
  • origin is the humerus, the insertion is the radiu

• oppose or reverse a movement
• located on the opposite side of a joint than the agonist
  • ex. Biceps brachi vs. triceps brachii

• help the prime movers
• add extra force to the movement
  • ex. The external intercostas aid in inspiration
• reduce undesireable or unnecissary movement
  • ex. Brachiradialis for forearm flexion

• synergist that immobilizes a bone of muscle origin
  • ex. Scapula to the axial skeliton
  • this muscle maintains its upright posture

A rigid bar that moves on a fixed pointlike bones in the body