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Why are muscle relaxants used?
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1. Injuries and accidents result in local damage to muscles or skeletal anchors.
2. Damage to CNS neurons can lead to a permanent state of muschle spasticity.
3. Both can be treated with muscle relaxants.
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What may be used on top of Central Acting Skeletal Muscle relaxants?
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1. Benzodiazepines are used when anxiety may be involved.
2. Other treatment modalities should be used in addition to drugs.
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What are the therapeutic actions & pharmacokinetics of Central Acting Skeletal Muscle relaxants?
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Therapeutic: work in CNS to interfere with refluxes that cause muscle spasms.
Pharmacokinetics: most rapidly absorbed in liver and excreted in urine.
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What are the contraindications and adverse effects of Central Acting Skeletal Muscle relaxants?
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Contraindications: allergy; spasms due to rheumatic disorders; seizure disorders.
Adverse effects: CNS depression; hypotension.
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What are drug to drug interactions of Central Acting Skeletal Muscle relaxants?
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Extreme cautio when taken with other CNS depressants -- including ETOH.
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What are the need to know Central Acting Skeletal Muscle relaxants?
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Baclofen (Liaresal)
cyclobenzaprine (Flexeril)
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What are Direct-Acting skeletal muscle relaxants?
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They enter the muscle to prevent contraction directly.
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What are the therapeutic actions and pharmacokinetics of Direct-Acting skeletal muscle relaxants?
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Therapeutic actions: used management of spasticity.
Pharmacokinetics: same given PO, others by injectio. Botox usually NOT absorbed systemically, but act on immediate are of injection.
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What are the contraindications and adverse effects of Direct-Acting skeletal muscle relaxants?
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Contraindications: allergy; hepatic disease; pregnancy; lactation; patients older than 35; respiratory depression.
Adverse effects: dantrium can cause CNS depression, GI disturbances; urinary frequency. Botox can cause anaphylactic reactions, muscle pain, paralysis.
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What are the drug to drug interactions of Direct-Acting skeletal muscle relaxants?
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Estrogens, increases risk of hepatacellular toxicity.
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What are the need to know Direct-Acting skeletal muscle relaxants?
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Botulinum toxin type A (Botox casmetic)
botulinum toxin type B (Myobloc)
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What is the purpose of anti-inflammatory & antiarthritis agents?
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Anti-inflammatory agents clock or alter chemical reactios associated with the inflammatory response. Several types of drugs are used.
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What is the purpose of Salicylates?
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1. Block inflammatory response
2. Antipyretic: fever-blocking
3. Analgesic: pain-blocking
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What are the therapeutic actios and pharmacokinetics of Salicylates?
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Therapeutic actions: inhibit synthesis of prostaglandin; may block pyrogens; at low levels, inhibits blood clot formation.
Pharmacokinetics: absorbed thru stomach; excreted in urine.
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What are the contraindications and adverse effects of Salyclates?
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Contraindications: allergy; bleeding disorders; impaired renal functions; children & teens; 1 week of surgery, pre or post; pregnancy and lactation.
Adverse effects: GI; clotting problems; salicylism (aspirin overdose); toxicity.
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