Front | Back |
Extension
|
Increasing angle at a joint
|
Flexion
|
Decreasing angle at a joint
|
Abduction
|
Moving away from the midline (lifting upper limb)
|
Adduction
|
Moving toward the midline
|
Horizontal Abduction
|
Moving hands away from each other when raised in front of the body
|
Horizontal Adduction
|
Moving hands toward each other when raised
|
Circumduction
|
Circular motionex. head-neck rolls, shoulder, ankle, thumb, hip
|
External Rotation
|
Outward/lateral rotation ex. arm wrestling loser
|
Internal Rotation
|
Inward/medial rotation toward the anteriorex. arm wrestling winner
|