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Longitudinal method
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A method of study that attempts to explain change over developmental time and involves charting various aspects of an individual’s behavior for several years
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Cross-sectional method
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A method of study that looks at age-related differences in behavior by permitting the researcher to collect data on different groups of people at varying age levels at the same point in time, yielding average differences across real time, but not individual changes across developmental time
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Mixed-longitudinal method
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A method in which individuals are selected and studied cross-sectionally and followed longitudinally for several years, thus permitting comparison of results and providing a means for validating age-related change with true developmental change
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Biological age
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A variable age that corresponds roughly to chronological age, determined by measures of morphological, skeletal, dental, or sexual age.
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Growth
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An increase in the size of the body or its parts
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Development
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In an individual’s level of functioning over time
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Maturation
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A process of developmental change characterized by a fixed order of progression in which the pace may vary but the sequence of appearance of characteristics generally dos not
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Experience
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Environmental factors that may alter the appearance of various developmental characteristics through the process of learning
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Motor
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Underlying biological and mechanical factors that influence movement
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Learning
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An internal process that results in consistent observable changes in behavior
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Motor learning
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A change in motor behavior resulting from practice or past experience
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Motor skill
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Common underlying process of control in movement
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Motor behavior
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Changes in motor learning and development that embody learning factors and maturational processes associated with movement performance
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Motor control
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Study of the underlying mechanisms responsible for movement, with particular emphasis given to what is being controlled and how the processes governing control are organized
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Motor development
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Continuous change in motor behavior throughout the life cycle
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