Front | Back |
Cranial
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Toward the head The Thoracic Vertebrae are cranial to the sacral vertebrae
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Caudal
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Toward the tail
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Dorsal
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Toward the backbone
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Ventral
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Away from the backbone
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Medial
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Closest to the median plane
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Lateral
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Farthest from the medial plane
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Proximal
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Point closest to the backbone
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Distal
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Point furthest from the backbone
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Anterior
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Toward the head
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Posterior
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Toward the tail
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Palmar
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Bottom of the front foot
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Plantar
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Bottom of the back foot
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Axial skeleton
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Bones found on the midline or attached to it (excludes the limbs)
Examples inclue ribs, skull vertebral column and sternum |
Appendicular skeleton
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All bones that are present in the limbs
eg femur, humorous |
Compact (dense) bone
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Has very few spaces, appears solidmade of haversian systems (osteons; each system is composed of the following:
a central haversian canal : houses blood vessels and nervesb canaliculi very small canals that radiate out connecting all lacunae to eachother and to the central haversian canalc lamellae: concentric rings of boned: Lacunae: smal spaces that house osteocytes (mature bone cells) |