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Cards In This Set
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A form of thinking in which certain statements (reasons) are offered in support of another statement ( a conclusion).
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Argument
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Statements that support another statement (known as a conclusion), justify it, or make it more probable.
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Reasons
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A statement that explains, asserts, or predicts on the basis of statements (known as reasons) that are offered as evidence for it.
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Conclusion
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What two aspects of arguments must you investigate?
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1. How true are the reasons being offered in support of the argument.
2. To what extent do the reasons support the conclusion.
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An argument in which reasons support the conclusion so that the conclusion follows from the reasons offered.
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Valid Argument
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An argument in which the reasons do not support the conclusion so that the conclusion does not follow from the reason offered.
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Invalid Argument
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An argument form in which one reasons from premises taht are known or assumed to be true to a conclusion that follows necessarily from these premises.
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Deductive Argument
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Reason, Premise, Reason argument
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Dedcutive argument
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Premise, Premise, Conclusion argument
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Application of a General Rule
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Affirming the Antecedent
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Modus Ponens
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Denying the Consequence
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Modus Tollens
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Presenting several alternatives
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Disjunctive Syllogism
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An argument form in which one reasons from premises that are known or assumed to be true to a conclusion that is supported by the premises but does not necessarily follow from them.
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Inductive Reasoning
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Unsound Arguments that are often persuasive and appearing to be logical because they usually appeal to our emotions and prejudices.
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Fallacies
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A form of indcutive reasoning in which a general statement is made about an entire group based on observing some members of the group.
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Empirical generalization
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