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Cards In This Set
| Front | Back |
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5 functions of the kidney
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Exretion of nitrogenous waste
water balance electrolyte balance acid-base balance synthesis of hormones: renin, erythropoietin, vitamin D, and prostaglandins |
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3 processes that occur in the kidney
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Glomerular filtration
tubular reabsorption tubular secretion |
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How is body surface area determined?
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From height and weight using a nomogram
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Ammonia is used to determine prognosis and severity of _______________ which is associated with aspirin use
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Reye's syndrome
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Equilibrium of the internal environment of the body
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Homeostasis
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3 causes of post-renal azotemia
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Obstruction of urine flow anywhere in renal tract
renal calculi, bladder or prostate tumors severe infection high BUN/creatinine ratio with elevated BUN |
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What is the normal range for ammonia determinations?
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Adult: 19 - 60 ug/dL
Children: 68 - 136 ug/dL |
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Azotemia
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Increased urea in the blood
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Formula for calculating creatinine clearance
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UV
BT where: U = urine creatinine, V = volume in mL, B = serum or plasma creatinine, T = collection time in minutes |
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Four causes of renal azotemia
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Decreased renal function
acute and chronic renal failure glomerular nephritis tubular necrosis |
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Name source of contamination in ammonia determinations
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Tobacco smoke
urine ammonia in detergents, glassware, water, and reagents |
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Name three conditions in which elevated ammonia levels are found
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Severe liver disease
encephalopathy inherited deficiency of enzymes of urea cycle |
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What is uric acid?
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Waste product of purine metabolism (precursor of DNA)
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What substances may cause an osmol gap >0?
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Ethanol, methanol, and ethylene glycol
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What is creatinine?
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Waste product formed in muscle from high energy compound creatine phosphate
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