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Related Flashcards
Cards In This Set
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What are three ways we “know” things?
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Through personal experience, through the authority of others aka "second-hand" knowledge (parents, school, news, books), and through research collection.
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What makes scientific knowledge different from other types of knowledge?
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Scientific knowledge is designed to be systematic and to minimize bias.
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Why do research reports include a section describing research methods?
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To make the process for arriving at the findings transparent: "academic work is judged first on the merits of its methods." (p. 3). The findings won't be trustworthy if the methods were poor.
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On what is the empirical approach to knowledge based?
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Observations.
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According to the topic, do researchers usually observe a sample or a population?
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A sample.
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Do researchers use “induction” or “deduction” to derive a hypothesis from a theory?
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Deduction.
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In an experiment, Group A was given verbal praise for being on time for appointments while Group B was given no special treatment. Which group is the control group?
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Group B.
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A teacher compared the effectiveness of three methods of teaching handwriting by using different methods with different students. Did the teacher conduct an “experimental study” or a “nonexperimental study”?
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Experimental study (but there is some room for ambiguity in the way the question is worded to suggest it is only quasi-experimental).
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A researcher compared the health of low-income adolescents who had received free lunches during their elementary school years with the health of a comparable group of low-income adolescents who had not received free lunches. The purpose was to determine the effects of free lunches on health. Did the researcher conduct an “experimental” or a “causal-comparative” study?
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Causal-comparative.
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A researcher divided diabetes patients who were being released from the hospital into two groups. Upon their release, the researcher provided brief counseling for individuals with diabetes to one group while providing the other group with extended counseling. The purpose was to determine the effects of the two types of counseling on patients’ compliance with physicians’ directions during the first month after hospitalization. Did the researcher conduct an “experimental” or a “causal-comparative” study?
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Experimental.
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Suppose a researcher administered an intelligence test to young children each year for five years in order to study changes in intelligence over time. The researcher was conducting what type of study?
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Longitudinal.
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Which method of research relies on the inductive approach?
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Qualitative.
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In which method of research (qualitative or quantitative) would a researcher be more likely to make adjustments to the interview questions during the course of a research project?
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Qualitative
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Which of the following lends itself more to quantitative research?A. How do the social relations of adolescents who use illicit drugs differ from those who do not use them?B. How do school attendance and grades differ between adolescents who use illicit drugs and those who do not use them?
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Choice B: How do school attendance and grades differ between adolescents who use illicit drugs and those who do not use them?
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SurveyWhich of the following lends itself more to qualitative research?A. What are the differences between the social interactions of students at commuter colleges and students who live on campus?B. To what extent does family income predict whether a student will choose to attend a commuter college or a college where most students live on campus?
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Choice A: What are the differences between the social interactions of students at commuter colleges and students who live on campus?
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