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Prohibition is short for the “Prohibition of Alcohol.” This was a law that outlawed the sale, manufacturing, and transporting of alcohol/cigarettes. This lasted for 1920-1933. This is important, because many Americans protested the prohibition, and even some government leaders disobeyed it. This also put a lot of pressure on law enforcement.
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What were the Washington Treaties?
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They were a series of treaties that were essential to future warfare. America was to stop all naval construction immediately. Piratical submarine warfare –despite if the attacked ship was armed or not – was crossed out. The 5:5:3:1:1 Treaty was the most important treaty. This dictated future naval and aircraft construction. United States and Britain can have the highest “tonnage” (weight), followed by Japan with only 60% of that, and France and Italy with only 1/5. This is important, because it played a huge role when America was at risk in the Western Pacific.
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How did Coolidge become president?
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Harding had taken an escape trip west. On his way home, he was met with a surge of political stresses, and collapsed and died in 1923. Coolidge was sworn in by his father while on vacation. This is important, because Coolidge was a stark contrast to Harding, thereby leading the country in a different way.
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How was Calvin Coolidge’s philosophy of government different than recent presidents?
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Coolidge wanted to let Americans work less for the government, and more for their American dreams. He wanted to cut back on taxes. He wanted economy in government. He was also a conservative, in contrast to the presidents before Harding, who had been far more liberal and progressive. He desired a smaller national government, in contrast to the more democratic views of a strong federal government. This is important, because he helped shape America into the view of “less taxes, more liberty.”
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How did Henry Ford begin the 2nd Industrial Revolution?
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Henry Ford established the Ford Motor Corporation, was one of the first to implement the assembly line concept to building automobiles, and set up Detroit as the car hub of America. He also welcomed in colored workers – even advancing some into leadership positions – and also encouraged disabled people to work for him. This is important because not only did it raise the feeling of “self-dignity” in many, but it also created an environment that would lead to industrial and social improvements. Unfortunately, Ford was still prejudice towards Jews…which turned fatal for both the Jews and Adolf Hitler.
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How were the two cases of Clarence Darrow indicative of a changing America?
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The Leopold/Loeb Trial and Scopes trial were indicative of how America was changing to a more atheist view. They indicate the shift in America. This is important, because it led people to see it less as the defendant’s fault, but more as the fault of the psychological urges, environment, parents, etc.
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What was the idea of eugenics?
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Eugenics means “good genes”, and basically is the idea that having good genes meant you were more likely to be more physically and mentally healthy. People with “bad” genes were discouraged to have children, while those with “good” genes were told the opposite. This is important, because this greatly attributed to the anti-immigrant feeling of the 20s, and led to the forced sterilization laws.
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How did FDR begin his political comeback?
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Al Smith was competing for the Democratic spot in the presidential election. He asked FDR to nominate him. This was FDR’s debut appearance after recovering from polio. He was the keynote speaker. This is important, because this marked his reentry into the political arena, and eventually into the presidency.
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What were the characteristics of the “roaring 20s”?
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Modernism: Focus on the future. Old way of doing things is silly! Self-centered life.
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Boom: Economic Growth, Cultural Growth, etc.
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Liberation: Women’s movement & voting rights. Moral movement…best not described. :P
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This is important, because it opened up and changed our country for the 20th-21st Centuries and our view of “modernism” and self-indulgence
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What two aerial feats in the 1920s demonstrated to the world that airplanes were the future?
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The first one was the sinking of the Ostfriesland, a German battleship, by Army Colonel Billy Mitchell. He torpedoed the hostage ship from the air, thereby showing how defenseless battleships were against air power.
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The other one of the feats was the victory of Charles A. Lindbergh. He was the first man to not die in the process of making a nonstop trip from New England to Paris. These experiences are significant, because they proved to the world the impossible and changed warfare forever.
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Joseph Stalin was the successor or Lenin as the dictator of the USSR. He was born outside of Russia in the province of Georgia, and was known for his ruthless treatment of his enemies. Hundreds of thousands died underneath his merciless hand. He was part of the communist party. He is important in history, because he played a large role in WWII.
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Black Thursday was the day when the economy finally caught up to America – an effect of cheap sell-offs and artificial worth – and the country plunged into the dark abyss of depression. The prices of shares plummeted overnight. This is significant, because this marks not only the acknowledged entrance into the depression, but also was the day when millions of Americans lost their investments. This was the deepest, darkest depression America had ever been in. Stock market crashed, as did the GDP *Gross National Product.*
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How did the Federal Reserve contribute to the Great Depression?
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The Federal Reserve joined with the Bank of England after WW1 to give some stability to the economy (get rid of the boom-bust cycle.) Wherever the economy was failing, the Federal Reserve would pump in money to fill in the gap.
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Inflate credit (loan out money.)
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Lower interest.
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This is significant, because this magnified the “boom” in the business cycle higher than it would have been before.
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What was Hoover’s response to the Great Depression?
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Trying to soothe the Americans, he assured them that hope was just around the corner, and the worst was over. But, he was wrong. America plunged even deeper, and Americans nationwide began to doubt him and even to mock him by naming poor towns “Hoovervilles.” He tried to keep normal and natural, despite the people’s protests. This is important, because how Americans responded to the Great Depression was in part a response to Hoover’s helplessness in this desperate case. What he did would determine the future of the country’s economy.
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Hoover also reacted by shoveling in $300 million from the Federal Reserve into the economy. The depression didn’t stop like they had hoped. He then upped government spending and cut taxes. He then tried the Smoot-Hawley Tariff, which also failed. This is important, because it only made the Depression worse.
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How did the Smoot-Hawley Tariff make the Great Depression worse?
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The Smoot-Hawley Tariff was a tariff raising the price on imported goods. This resulted in foreign countries raising their prices as well. More jobs were lost and relationships with foreign countries were severely damaged. The ability to export American manufactures became harder and harder. This is important, because it only deepened the Depression and caused more heartache for Americans nationwide. This also led to a worldwide depression.
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