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Cards In This Set
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Recognize the system of scientific nomenclature that uses genus and specific epithet names
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Genus listed first, then specific epithet. In Italics, genus capitalized, specific epithet not. Example: E. coli
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Differentiate among the major characteristics of each group of microorganisms.
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Archaea, Fungi, Bateria, Protozoa, Algae
Archaea ~ prokaryotic, extreme environments, do not cause disease in humans
Bacteria ~ single celled, prokaryote, several shapes, divide by binary fission, photosynthetic.
Fungi ~ uni or multi-celled, no photosynthesis, cell wall, mold most common type, sexual/asexually, get food from the environment.
Protozoa ~ unicellular eukarytoic, sexually/asexually, movement w/ cilia, flagella, or psuedopods.
Algae~ phosynthetic eukaryotes, cell wall of cellulose, sexually/asexually, many shapes.
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What are the three main classifications of microorganisms?
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Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukarya
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Explain the importance of observations made by Hooke and van Leeuwenhoek.
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Hooke first discovered cells while examing a slice of cork through a rudimentary microscope. Created first part of cell theory: All living things are composed of cells.
van Leeuwenhoek first observed living microorganisms through his microscope.
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Compare the theories of spontaneous generation and biogenesis
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Spontaneous generation theory concluded that microbes could simply arise from nonliving matter.
Biogenesis theory stated that living cells could only arise form other living cells.
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Identify the importance of Koch's postulates
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Koch's postulates are a series of steps used to identify which microbe is present and what disease it may/will cause.
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Identify the contributions to microbiology made by Needham, Spallanzani, Virchow, and Pasteur.
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Needham ~ did a broth experiment to prove the theory of spontaneous generation.
Spallanzani ~ correctly did Needham's broth experiments to disprove spontaneous generation.
Virchow ~ Proposed the theory of biogenesis.
Pasteur ~ created aseptic techniques that are now used in hospitals and labs everywhere.
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Explain how Pasteur's work influenced Lister and Koch
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Pasteur's work on germ theory of disease and aseptic techniques influenced Lister's study of using disenfectants to prevent the spread of disease in humans. (Washing hands between patients, etc).
His work also influenced Koch's experiments that proved microorganisms caused disease and helped influence his development of postulates.
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Identify the importance of Jenner's work.
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Explored inoculations and immunity by treating humans with the cowpox virus so they would be immune to smallpox.
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Identify the contributions to microbiology made by Ehrlich and Fleming
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Ehrlich found the arsenic-based medication used to treat syphilis.
Fleming discovered penicillium.
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Bacteriology
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The study of bateria
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Mycology
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The study of fungi
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Parasitology
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The study of parasitic protozoa and worms
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Immunology
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The study of immunity
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Virology
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The study of viruses
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