Microbiology: Antibiotics and Pathogens

Bacterial cell wall inhibitor, protein synthesis inhibitor, folic acid synthesis inhibitor, nucleic acid synthesis inhibitor, bacterial cell membrane inhibitor and misc.

B-Lactin (beta lactin,) glycoprotein (glycopeptides,) bacitracin

Penicillin, cephalosporin, oxapenems, carbapenems, monobactin, sulbactin

Divided into 4 gen. derived from penicillium notatum (fungus)

Naturally occuring, gram + (especially cocci or bacilli)
include: (IV/IM) benzithene, procaine, PCN-G, PCN-V (only oral)
most bacteria have resistance, mild infections (except: treponema pallidinium)

Semi-synthetic, antistaph and antistrep (first line therapy!!)
include: oxacillin, cloxacillin, dicloxacillin, nafcillin, metacillin (not used due to MRSA)

Broad spectrum, semi-synthetic, gram - bacilli and cocci
include: ampicillin (IV/IM,) amoxicillin (oral)

Broadest spectrum, completely synthetic
gram + & -: highly effective, AKA - anti pseudonmonas
inlcude: azlocillin, mazlocillin, tricarcillin, carbanicillin, pipracillin

Mild to very severe
rash to anaphalactic shock
if there is a mild reaction use 1st gen. cephalosporin.

Slightly more effective than penicillin (4 gen)
as gen goes up gram + coverage decreases, gram - coverage increases

Gram +
oral: cefalaxin (keflex,) cefadroxil (duracif)
IV/IM: cefazolin, cephalothin, cefradine
use for mild reactions to penicillin

Gram +
oral: cefuroxime (elixor,) cefaclor
IV/IM: cefuroxine, cefoxatine, cefotetan

Gram -
oral: cephixime
IV/IM: ceftraxon (most common,) cefotaxime, cefotazadime (anti-pseudomonas)

Gram -
oral/IV/IM: cefapime

Irreversible inhibitors of b-lactimines
alone they have very poor antimicrobial activity
become potent when combined with other penicillins
Clavulanic acid + amoxicillin = augmentin
Claculanic acid + tricarcillin = timentin