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Cards In This Set
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1) Jenner
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Developed vaccination, inovulating individuals with the safer cowpox; early 1800's; noticed milkmaids had cowpox but did not get small pox. Tested on Grandener's son.
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1) Fleming
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Observed that a species of Penicillium killed bacterial cells, leading to the development of penicillin.
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1) Koch
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Formalized standards to identify germs associated with infectious diseases. Koch's postulates.
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1) Pasteur
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Proposed germ theory (germs are the cause of infectious disease)
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1) Hooke.
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English 1665 published micrographia; described what seen under microscope; coined term "cell".
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2) Define virology.
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The study of viruses (over 3600 known)
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3)List Koch’s postulates.
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Organism
must be found in abundance in all organisms suffering from the disease but not found
in healthy organisms. The microorganism must be isolated from the diseased
organism and grown in pure culture. The cultured organism should cause disease
when inoculated into healthy organism. The microorganism must be reisolated
from the inoculated host and identified as the identical original causative
agent.
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4)Discuss fluorescent micrscopy.
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Fluorescence
Microscopy - fluorescent dye
and illumination with ultraviolet light.
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5)What domains are prokaryotic? What makes them prokaryotic?
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Bacteria & Archaeans Prokaryotid cells have NO NUCLEUS - Bacteria & Archaeans.Eukaryotic cells have a Nucleus - Protists, Fungi, Plants, Animals.
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6)Define ubiquitous.
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Microorganisms are found Everywhere (some are harmful and opportunistic).
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7)Define homeostasis.
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The property of a system that regulates its internal environment and tends to maintain a stable, constant condition of properties like temperature or pH.
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8)List the methods used to classify bacteria.
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Taxonomy - the science of classification, involving arranging related organisms into logical categories. Binomial Nomenclature - giving scientific names to organisms. Two words - genus and specific epithet. Hierarchiacal system - levels of classificationDid - Domain -bacteria,archaea, eucaria King - KingdomPhillip - PhylumCome - ClassOver - OrderFor - FamilyGreat - GenusSex - Species LARGE TO SMALL (more closely related)Domain to Species
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9)Discuss the rules of a scientific name.
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Scientific names have two words - genus and specific epithet. The Genus is first and is ALWAYS capitalized. The specific epithet is always second and is NOT capitalized.
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10) Where are Archaeans found?
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Archaeans are the Extremophiles and are found in the most harsh environments. Low oxygen - Methanogens (prod. Methane gas, guts of ruminants & humans Salt loving - Halophiles (great salt lake, dead sea) Low pH - Acidophiles (acid loving) High heat - Thermophiles (hot spgs, volcanos) Deep sea floors - Barophiles (high pressures)
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11) Define thermophile.
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Thermophiles love High heat - heat loving bacteria (hot springs, vents near volcanos).
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