MICRO 408 Section 2

All connected by chemokines.cytokines

=Recruiters of immune cells. produced at site of infection/inflammation. they signal for cells to move out of blood stream and into site where infection is occuring. some chemokines are produced during complement cascade

All connected by CYTOKINES/CHEMOKINES (produced by inate response and non specific defenses) the specific adaptive immunity reacts (rather than producing) to these

Skin
Mucous membranes (nostrils, lungs)

• Not a lot of room for pathogens to get in between cells

Dead skins being shed. so pathogens attached to outer layyer can be shed = Desquamation

Tough fibrous protein that pathogens can’t break into very well

Mixture of fat and dead fat producing cells. keeps cells soft. inhibitory to growth of microbes

Skin-associated lymphoid tissue

Tcells, macrophages, Bcells, if pathogen can get through they are confronted with this layer that is technically part of adaptive immune response but is also enclosed in this barrier.

Infection initiation:
-break in epidermis - pores, hair follicles, wounds, insect bites, burns

Thick layer, excludes pathogens from getting down to epithelial layer. contains lysozyme and lactoferrin (binds iron) everything needs iron (even pathogens) so pathogens aren’t able to obtain it for its enzymatic activityLymphoid layer (MALT) underlines epithelial cells)

also Mucocilliary escalator

Cillia that constantly beat in one direction to move pathogenss up out of lung and into pharynx which then get swallowed and deavtivated by stomach

-uses urease to produce ammonia-protects against gastric acid (low pH) until neutral pH of mucin layer is reached
-produces adhesins which attach to receptors in epithelial layer, prevents pathogen from being removed by ciliary action