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Related Flashcards
Cards In This Set
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Describe the basic anatomy regarding the meninges?
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From outermost to innermost:SkinPeriosteumBoneDura Mater(outer layer lining skull)Arachnoid mater(contains blood vessels)Subarachnoid space(filled with CSF)Pia Mater(covers brain)
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What is meningitis?
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An inflammation of the pia mater- meninges that cover the brain and arachnoid mater- contains blood vessels- and infection of the cerebrospinal fluid that fills subarachnoid space
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What can cause meningitis?
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Typically due to bacterial or viral infection in the CSF- also due to TB, chemicals, idiopathic. Epidemics occur in large groups- miliatry/dorms.
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What are the 5 types of meningitis?
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5 types: Bacterial, Viral, Fungal,Neoplastic, Tuburculosis
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Describe viral meningitis.
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An infection of the meninges- NOT caused by bacteria. Good hygiene can help to prevent. Also called: aseptic meningitis.
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What viruses can cause viral menintigis?
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Enteroviruses- live in fecal matter/salivaMumps/measelsHerpesArboviruses- bug bites
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Describe bacterial meningitis?
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An infection of the meninges caused by BACTERIA.
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Types of bacterial meningitis are used to categorize the meningitis, reflects the underlying bacteria. What are the different types?
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Gram negative H. Influenza Meningococcal Pneumococcal Staphylococcal Tuberculosis
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Name some different types of bacteria?
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Meningococcus (Neisseria meningitidis) Gram-positive cocci Coagulase-negative Staphylococcus Staphylococcus aureus Enterococcus faecalis Streptococcus pneumoniae Viridans streptococci Stomatococcus mucilaginosus
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Describe fungal meningitis?
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An infection of the meninges caused by fungus. Many cases associated w/ immune deficiencies. (AIDS and immunosuppressants druges after organ transplant).
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Describe neoplastic meningitis?
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An infection of the meninges caused by oncologic complications. Also called: leptomeningeal metastases, meningeal carcinomatosis, leukemic meningitis. Tumos cells to into the subaracnoid space and causes infection. RARE.
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What year was penicillin first used to treat pts w/ meningococcal meningitis? When was the first meningococcal vaccine licensed in the UC? When did the CDC recommend that students be vacinated at colleges?
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1940, 1978, 2000
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Describe the incidence/prevelance of meningitis.
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Occurs in: Live births: 0.25-1 per 1,000.*Premature births: 2.5 per 1k*Adults: 1 per 5k - 7kMeningitis occurs in about 5k- 7k people in the US every year.
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Who is more likely to get meningitis?
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Children and elderly more likely than adults, average age is 25 years. Males > females.African Americans & NativeAmericans > other ethnicities.Late spring to fall = moreincidences *Meningitis Belt in sub-Saharan Africa. Has the highest rate of this disease- Senegal in the west to Ethiopia. the avergae age is 25, which relates to social situations in this population.
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What are risk factors for meningitis?
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Infants, children, elderly, day carecenters, cancer patients,overcrowded conditions, upperrespiratory infections, somesurgeries (Cis), untreatedconditions, exposure to rodents,direct contact with someone w/meningitis.
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