Mechanical Ventilation

------:

measures elasticity

volume of air lung with given amounts of pressure

high compliance: ideal '---- ---' : less pressure to provide a given volume of air

low (decreased/poor) compliace: increased pressure to provide a given volume of air, difficult to ventilate patient

measures ---/ease of distensibility

--- due to hypoventilation alone: normal A-a gradient

--- due to other causes:
-increased A-a gradient
-V/Q mismatch: esc if A-a gradient decreased when FIO2 is increased
-Shunt
-Diffusion abnormalities

----:
when the pt can't exchange enough air to blow off CO2

excess ----

---capnia
---xemia

CARE:
increase aomunt of -- moving in and out of the alveoli
---- first
increase ----

Diffusion impairment:

effectiveness influenced by:
-condition of ---/--- epithelia
- --- fluid
-membrane
-surfactant
-scarring

When a patient becomes hypoexmic they --- to obtain --

When pt becomes hypoexmic:

---capnia
BUT may not be able to increase O2 on his own

First indication of hypoexmia??

Normal ventilation to no perfusion:
--- space unit
--- ventilation
**** ---- ---

No ventilation to normal perfusion:
--- unit
--- perfusion
-----***
% of CO not oxygenated

No ventilation to no perfusion:

--- unit
--- ---

----- = ---- = efficient gas exchange
Normal ratio V/Q of -:- or --

ventilation avg - L/min
perfusion avg - L/min

Which of following may be normal?
dead space
shunting
silent unit

Monitoring O2 tx:

---: decrease in tissue oxygenation

----: decrease in PaO2 (not O2 sat)

factors to consider when assessing PaO2:
-age, altitude, hx

pulse ox: unreliable w/ poor perfusion
ABGS; MOST reliable

At any age PaO2 of < -- mm hg is severe

PaO2:
partial pressure of O2 in arterial blood
-- - -- mm hg is normal

SaO2:
percent saturation of hemoglobin w/ O2 in arterial blood
normally > --%

Hypoxemia: classified according to PaO2 in room air

mild: Pa O2 < --
mod: PaO2 < --
severe: PaO2 < --

s/s :
--- is an unreliable sign!
may develop w/ exercise