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Related Flashcards
Cards In This Set
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Which amino acids have ionizable side chains?
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Arginine, Lysine, Tyrosine, Cysteine, Histidine, Glutamic acid, & Aspartic acid
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Nonpolar, Nonaromatic Amino Acids
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Glycine, alanine, valine, leucine, isoleucine, methionine, & proline
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Aromatic Amino Acids
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Tryptophan, tyrosine, phenylalanine
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Polar Amino Acids
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Serine, threonine, asparagine, glutamine, cysteine
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Negatively Charged (Acidic) Amino Acids
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Aspartate (aspartic acid) & glutamate (glutamic acid)
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Positively Charged (Basic) Amino Acids
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Lysine, Arginine, Histidine
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Hydrophobic Amino Acids
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Amino acids w/ long alkyl side chains, found on interior of proteins. Include alanine, isoleucine, leucine, valine, phenylalaline
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Hydrophilic Amino Acids
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Amino acids w/ charged side chains, found on the exterior of proteins. Include positively charged histidine, arginine, and lysine, as well as negatively charged glutamate & aspartate. The amides glutamine & asparagine are also hydrophilic.
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Primary structure of a protein is determined by ____. The primary structure of a protein is stabilized by ____.
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The linear sequence of amino acids in a peptide. Peptide bonds
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Secondary structure of a protein is determined by ____. The secondary structure of a protein is stabilized by ____. The 2 types of secondary structures are ____ & ____.
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The local structure of neighboring amino acids. Hydrogen bonds between amino groups & nonadjacent carboxyl groups. Alpha helices & Beta-pleated sheets
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Tertiary structure of a protein is _____. Tertiary structure is stabilized by ____.
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The three-dimensional shape of a single polypeptide chain. Hydrogen bonds, hydrophobic interactions, disulfide links, & acid-base interactions (salt bridges).
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Quaternary structure of a protein is due to ____.Quaternary structure is stabilized by ____.
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The interaction between subunits in a multi-subunit protein (ex: hemoglobin consists of 4 distinct subunits that come together). Hydrogen bonds, hydrophobic interactions, disulfide links, & acid-base interactions (salt bridges).
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Hydrophobic Interactions
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Push hydrophilic amino acids to the outside of a protein, & hydrophobic amino acids to the inside of a protein.
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Conjugated Proteins
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Proteins w/ covalently attached molecules called Prosthetic Groups, which can be metal ions, vitamins, lipids, carbohydrates, or nucleic acids
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Disulfide Bond
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Occurs when to cysteine molecules are oxidized & create a covalent bond to form cystine.
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